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Glossary: Antibody
 


Definition
A type of serum protein (globulin) synthesized by white blood cells of the lymphoid type in response to an antigenic (foreign substance) stimulus. Antibodies are complex substances formed to neutralize or destroy these antigens in the blood. Antibody activity normally fights infection but can be damaging in allergies and a group of diseases that are called autoimmune diseases.

Also: Antibodies

Topics Related To Antibody
A Low IgA LevelThe Condition
"IgA stands for immunoglobulin A, one of the classes of immunoglobulins (also called antibodies) that are in the blood..."

A Low IgE level

The Condition
"IgE stands for immunoglobulin E, one of the classes of immunoglobulins (also called antibodies) that are in the blood..."

A Low IgG Level

The Condition
"IgG stands for immunoglobulin G, one of the classes of immunoglobulins (also called antibodies) that are in the blood..."

A Low IgM Level

The Condition
"IgM stands for immunoglobulin M, one of the classes of immunoglobulins (also called antibodies) that are in the blood..."

A Low Platelet Count

The Condition
"...An IgG antibody attaches to the platelets and marks them to be removed from circulation..."

Addison's Disease

The Condition
"...Nowadays, the major cause of Addison's disease is an auto-immune reaction in which the body's immune system erroneously makes antibodies against the cells of the adrenal cortex and slowly destroys them..."

AIDS

The Condition
"...a mononucleosis-like syndrome can occur, characterized by prolonged fever, rigors, myalgias, arthralgias, rash, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea, and this is associated with seroconversion for the HIV antibody..."

Alanine

As A Treatment
"...Supports the immune system and strengthens it by producing antibodies; aids in the metabolism of glucose; important source of energy for muscle tissue, the brain and central nervous system; useful in weight control..."

Allergy to Foods (Hidden)

Relationship to Schizophrenia
"...Classical responses include creation of blood antibodies, histamine release, swelling, itching, runny nose, and others..."

Anemia (Iron deficiency)

Relationship to Gluten Sensitivity / Celiac Disease
"...In one study, 200 consecutive patients of a hematology clinic were screened for antigliadin and antiendomysial antibodies..."

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Recommendation Grain-free Diet
"...Without starchy carbohydrates such as rice, potatoes and flour products, the number of Klebsiella are reduced in the gut and, subsequently, so is the production of antibodies to the bacteria that cause the inflammation..."

Antigen

Related Topic
"A substance, usually protein or protein-sugar complex in nature, which, being foreign to the bloodstream or tissues of an animal, stimulates the formation of specific blood serum antibodies and white blood cell activity..."

Athletes Foot

The Condition
"...This trichophyde reaction, also known as tineas manuum, is an immune system response to fungal antigens (antibodies that fight the fungal infection)..."

Atrophic Gastritis

Relationship to Megaloblastic Anemia / Pernicious Anemia
"...Patients with antibodies to parietal cells (PCA) or intrinsic factor, or both, have atrophy of the fundal mucosa (Type A) and a very high rate of pernicious anemia, often associated with other autoimmune endocrine..."

CBC (Complete Blood Count) Test

As A Treatment
"...Was the culture positive for strep throat? Did the test find antibodies to a virus that indicates an infection? But for many more tests, the meaning of the results depends on their context..."

Chagas Disease

The Condition
"...If you think you might have this disease, see your health care provider who will order blood tests to look for the parasite or for antibodies in your blood..."

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

The Condition
"...Immunoglobulins are proteins called antibodies that the B cells of healthy individuals make to protect themselves from infection..."

Chronic Thyroiditis

The Condition
"...Often, autoantibodies (antibodies your body makes against itself) are present..."

Recommendation Selenium
"Three months of supplementation with 200mcg selenium daily reduced thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) but had no effect on Tg antibodies (TgAb) in a well-controlled study of 70 women with autoimmune thyroiditis..."

Colostrum / Transfer Factor

As A Treatment
"...In the United States and throughout the world, bovine colostrum was, due to its content of antibodies, used for immune purposes prior to the introductions of sulfa drugs and antibiotics..."

Consequences of Splenectomy

The Condition
"...These proteins, called antibodies, weaken or kill bacteria, viruses, and other organisms that cause infection..."

Consequences of Vasectomy

The Condition
"...Antigens that are released in the process can infiltrate the bloodstream and cause the body to manufacture antibodies to defend itself against them, with possible cross-reactivity to other body tissues..."

Cytokines

Related Topic
"...Th1 (T-cell Helper type 1) promote cell-mediated immunity (CMI) while Th2 (T-cell Helper type 2) induce humoral immunity (antibodies)..."

Diabetes Type 1.5

The Condition
"...When special lab tests are done, they are found to have antibodies, especially GAD65 antibodies, that attack their beta cells..."

Diabetes Type I

The Condition
"...Previous research has suggested that children exposed to the insulin which can naturally be contained in cow's milk may develop antibodies to insulin..."

Digestive Enzyme (Trial)

As A Treatment
"...Pancreatic enzymes improve digestion and assimilation of proteins and other nutrients as well as reducing circulating immune complexes that cause antibody and autoantibody formation..."

Ehrlichiosis

The Condition
"...a granulocyte stain shows clumps of bacteria inside white blood cells; the platelet count shows decreased platelets (thrombocytopenia); liver enzymes show elevated transaminase; a fluorescent antibody test may turn positive for E..."

ELISA

Related Topic
"...A test that detects the presence of the AIDS virus or Lyme Disease antibodies..."

Enlarged Lymph Nodes

The Condition
"...The lymph nodes make antibodies that will help keep you from being infected with a particular germ in the future..."

Environmental Illness / MCS

Relationship to Autoimmune Tendency
"...One report demonstrated antibodies to smooth muscle (muscle tissue that functions without conscious thought - such as the heart) in half the patients seen in a clinical practice..."

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

The Condition
"...Other consequences include increased lymphocytes and monocytes, and development of heterophil antibodies..."

Gastritis

The Condition
"...Laboratory Findings ... Parietal-cell antibodies frequently occur in atrophic gastritis..."

Glomerulonephritis

The Condition
"...Against the antigen, body produces antibodies (protective against infection)..."

Gluten Sensitivity / Celiac Disease

The Condition
"...Diagnosis & Tests To diagnose celiac disease, physicians test blood to measure levels of antibodies to gluten..."

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

The Condition
"...Some theories suggest an autoimmune mechanism, in which the patient's defense system of antibodies and white blood cells are triggered into damaging the nerve covering or insulation, leading to weakness and abnormal sensation..."

Hapten

Related Topic
"A small molecule that reacts with a specific antibody but cannot induce the formation of antibodies unless bound to a carrier protein or other large antigenic molecule..."

Hemolytic Anemia

The Condition
"...They are classified as either inherited (generally due to intrinsic cell defects), or acquired (due to the actions of extrinsic agents such as infectious agents, poisons, physical trauma, or antibodies)..."

Hepatitis

The Condition
"...Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) A positive test means that you are immune (cannot get hepatitis B)..."

Hives

Relationship to Autoimmune Tendency
"Some forms of chronic hives have an autoimmune origin which means, in about 30% of patients, that the immune system is producing antibodies against normal substances in the body and triggering the release of histamine by mast cells..."

Hookworm Infection

The Condition
"...from protein deficiency which manifests as dry hair, skin and edema, but protein loss can have far-reaching effects including reduced immunocompetence and reduced ability to produce gama globulin (Antibody)..."

Humoral Immunity

Related Topic
"This refers to immunity to infection created by proteins termed antibodies, often referred to as "B" cells..."

Hypercoagulation (Thickened Blood)

The Condition
"...Causes & Development There are at least three possible causes or contributing factors ... Virii, bacteria, mycoplasmas, and/or parasites activate certain antibodies in the immune system that trigger the production of thrombin, generate SFM and result in fibrin deposits..."

Hyperthyroidism

The Condition
"...Graves' disease represents a basic defect in the immune system, causing production of immunoglobulins (antibodies) which stimulate and attack the thyroid gland, causing growth of the gland and overproduction of thyroid hormone..."

Immune System Imbalance (TH2 Dominance)

The Condition
"...immunity (Th1) directs Natural Killer T-cells and macrophages to attack abnormal cells and microorganisms at sites of infection inside the cells, humoral immunity (Th2) results in the production of antibodies used to neutralize foreign invaders and substances outside of the cells..."

Recommendation Digestive Enzyme (Trial)
"Digestive enzymes improve digestion and assimilation of proteins and other nutrients, reduce circulating immune complexes that cause antibody and autoantibody formation..."

Increased Intestinal Permeability / Leaky Gut

The Condition
"...Antibodies are then produced against once harmless foods and your immune system becomes increasingly occupied with chores it should not have to be performing..."

Recommendation Gluten-free Diet
"...Patients suffering from this condition as well as reduced amounts of normal gut flora have high levels of antibodies to gliadin and casein..."

Infectious Mononucleosis - Mono

The Condition
"...The mono spot test identifies an antibody which is present in mononucleosis and is the test most commonly used to tell whether someone has mono or some other ailment..."

Infectious Mononucleosis (CMV)

The Condition
"...Recipients of blood transfusions from donors with positive CMV antibodies are at some risk..."

Liver Function That Should Be Checked

The Condition
"...Mitochondrial Antibodies Test..."

L-Lysine

As A Treatment
"...It is also a key player in the production of various enzymes, hormones, and disease-fighting antibodies..."

Low T-Helper (CD4) Cell Level

The Condition
"...These antigens cause T-cells to become active and produce antibodies..."

Lupus, SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythromatosis)

The Condition
"...SLE is a complex disorder resulting from the production of antibodies that attack the DNA and proteins within healthy cells and the generation of circulating immune complexes..."

Relationship to Chronic Thyroiditis
"Approximately 10% of lupus patients have thyroid antibodies, and autoimmune thyroiditis occasionally coexists with SLE..."

Lyme Disease

The Condition
"...Antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) are present, but the laboratory is unable to detect them..."

Lymph Nodes

Related Topic
"...Because less fat covers the lymph nodes in children, they are easier to feel, even when they are not busy filtering germs or making antibodies..."

Lymphocyte

Related Topic
"...The B-lymphocytes are primarily responsible for antibody production..."

Lymphokines

Related Topic
"...These substances are not antibodies, but they play a vital role in the on-board defense system..."

Lysozyme

As A Treatment
"...Lysozyme is an enzyme that degrade the polysaccharide protective coating on the surface of many bacteria and viruses (glycoprotein covering) to allow other enzymes and antibodies to find there appropriate attachment site..."

Macrophage

Related Topic
"...This allows T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes to taste the particle (an epitope) and form an antibody response..."

Megaloblastic Anemia / Pernicious Anemia

The Condition
"...Diagnosis & Tests Between 50 and 75% of patients with pernicious anemia have antibodies to IF, and 93% have antibodies to parietal cells which means this is another autoimmune disorder..."

Recommendation Test for B12 Levels
"...Usually, the presence of the intrinsic factor (IF) is determined by testing for the presence of antibodies to the IF in the blood..."

Multiple Myeloma

The Condition
"...It is a cancer of the plasma cell, an important part of the immune system that produces immunoglobulins (antibodies) to help fight infection and disease..."

Myasthenia Gravis

The Condition
"...In myasthenia gravis, antibodies produced by the body's own immune system block, alter or destroy the receptors for acetylcholine..."

Recommendation Conventional Drug Use
"...Some medications improve neuromuscular transmission and increase muscle strength, and some suppress the production of abnormal antibodies..."

Osteoporosis - Osteopenia

The Condition
"...Prolonged use of pork calcitonin can lead to the production of neutralising antibodies..."

Pregnancy-Related Issues

The Condition
"...D (formerly Rh) blood typing and antibody screening is recommended for all pregnant women at their first prenatal visit..."

Rabies

The Condition
"...If possible, the head of the biting animal is submitted to the health department for fluorescent antibody testing for the rabies virus..."

See Infectious Disease Specialist

As A Treatment
"...The infectious diseases specialist may sometimes order blood serum studies of antibodies for unusual diseases..."

Seizure Disorder

Relationship to Gluten Sensitivity / Celiac Disease
"Blood tests for gluten sensitivity antibodies were performed on 783 patients referred for seizures..."

Selenium

Related Topic
"...In combination with Vitamin E, selenium aids the production of antibodies and helps maintain a healthy heart..."

Sjogren's Syndrome

The Condition
"...These patients are likely to have different antibodies circulating in their blood compared to people with the secondary form..."

Relationship to Chronic Thyroiditis
"Antithyroid antibodies are created when antibodies migrate out of the salivary glands into the thyroid gland..."

Soil Based Organisms

As A Treatment
"...The question is, are SBOs important for good health? Function SBOs can help stimulate the immune system (creating a huge pool of uncoded antibodies) and break down hydrocarbons, thereby increasing overall absorption of nutrients..."

Stiff Man Syndrome

The Condition
"...Associated diseases ... Diabetes mellitus: Although different epitopes for the GAD antibodies in diabetes have been identified, stiff person syndrome and type 2 diabetes have demonstrated comorbidity..."

Susceptibility To Miscarriages

The Condition
"..... BLOCKING ANTIBODIES Early in pregnancy, the mother's immune system receives signals from the tiny fetus..."

Tendency Toward Postpartum Depression

The Condition
"...The baby's thyroid can produce antibodies against the mother's thyroid and causes it to under-function..."

Test for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

As A Treatment
"...pylori develop serum antibodies to the organism that can be detected in the blood..."

Threonine

As A Treatment
"...Anti-aging; helps form Elastin and Collagen; supports the immune system; produces antibodies; helps digestive and intestinal tract function; boosts metabolism..."

TMG (Tri-methyl-glycine)

As A Treatment
"...Applications include ... Immune modulation: Improves antibody response, enhances B- and T-cell function, and regulates cytokines..."

Vasculitis

The Condition
"...Immune complexes are formed when antigens bind to antibodies..."

Related Topic
"...It involves immune mechanisms such as deposition of circulating immune complexes and direct attack by circulating antibodies..."

Vitamin B12 Requirement

The Condition
"...This is frequently caused by an immune system problem where antibodies attack the stomach lining and damage the cells that produce intrinsic factor..."

Vitamin B2 Requirement

The Condition
"...Riboflavin is also necessary for red blood cell formation, antibody production, and growth..."

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

As A Treatment
"...It activates many enzymes and aids in the absorption of vitamin B12, in immune system function, and in antibody production..."

Vitamin B-Complex Requirement

The Condition
"...Riboflavin is necessary for red blood cell formation, antibody production, and growth..."

Vitamin Pantothenic Acid Requirement

The Condition
"Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is required for release of energy from food; it helps in the functioning of the adrenal gland and in the formation of antibodies..."

West Nile Virus

The Condition
"...The most accurate way to diagnose this infection is serology, a test to detect the presence of antibodies against West Nile virus in CSF or serum (a blood component)..."





Last updated: Apr 07, 2008


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