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Glossary: White Blood Cell
 


Definition
A blood cell that does not contain hemoglobin: a blood corpuscle responsible for maintaining the body's immune surveillance system against invasion by foreign substances such as viruses or bacteria. White cells become specifically programmed against foreign invaders and work to inactivate and rid the body of a foreign substance. White blood cells are composed primarily of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are either T-cells or B-cells. T-cells (CD3 cells) are divided into T-helper (CD4 cells) and T-suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8 cells) cells.

Also: WBC, White Blood Cells

Topics Related To White Blood Cell
A High White CountThe Condition
"White blood cells play an important role in the immune system of an individual..."

A Low Platelet Count

The Condition
"...This condition involves a defect in the production of platelets by the bone marrow that can occur as part of a general bone marrow dysfunction, in which both red and white blood cells are also produced insufficiently..."

Addison's Disease

The Condition
"...These may include an elevated blood level of potassium, a low blood level of sodium, a shift in the ratio of certain white blood cells, or surprising changes on an EKG or chest X-ray that are caused by high potassium or low blood volume..."

Agranulocytosis

Related Topic
"Condition characterized by a marked decrease in the number of white blood cells called granulocytes..."

Antibody

Related Topic
"A type of serum protein (globulin) synthesized by white blood cells of the lymphoid type in response to an antigenic (foreign substance) stimulus..."

Antigen

Related Topic
"A substance, usually protein or protein-sugar complex in nature, which, being foreign to the bloodstream or tissues of an animal, stimulates the formation of specific blood serum antibodies and white blood cell activity..."

Appendicitis

The Condition
"...Acute Appendicitis -- Laboraroty findings ... Early increase in WBC (to 12,000/ul - 14,000/ul; later up to 20,000/ul); more than 75% neutrophils with a "shift to the left"..."

Asthma

Recommendation Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
"...146-51] Both treated and untreated asthmatic patients have been shown to have significantly lower levels of ascorbic acid in both serum and white blood cells..."

Bacteria / Pathogen Testing by PCR

As A Treatment
"...The DNA-containing white blood cells are removed and broken to release their DNA..."

Basophil

Related Topic
"The basophils account for about 1% of the granulocyte count (60 to 75% of the white blood cells)..."

Beta 1,3 Glucan

As A Treatment
"...polymers known as Beta-1,3-d-glucans exert potent effects on the immune system -- stimulating anti-tumor and antimicrobial activity, for example -- by binding to receptors on macrophages and other white blood cells and activating them..."

CBC (Complete Blood Count) Test

As A Treatment
"...White Blood Cells (WBC) There are five different types of WBC that the body uses to fight infections or other causes of injury..."

CD3

Related Topic
"White blood cells are composed primarily of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes..."

CD4

Related Topic
"...White blood cells are composed primarily of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes..."

CD8

Related Topic
"White blood cells are composed primarily of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes..."

Chronic / Hidden Infection

The Condition
"...But scientists believe that the microbes may stimulate white blood cells to aggregate, causing the chronic inflammation that has now been implicated in asthma, allergies, heart disease and other disorders..."

Chronic Inflammation

The Condition
"...The inflammatory response includes redness, swelling and an increased local supply of white blood cells..."

Recommendation Bioflavonoids
"...Quercetin is known to reduce histamine release from some inflammatory white blood cells Quercetin has been likened to the anti-inflammatory drug cromolyn sodium, which acts in a similar fashion Quercetin has also been shown to prevent release of leukotrienes -..."

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

The Condition
"...The report of an elevated white blood cell count is the most common clue that leads a physician to consider the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia..."

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

The Condition
"...Unlike acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia permits the development of mature white blood cells that generally can function normally..."

Complete Blood Count

Related Topic
"...The values generally included are ... White blood cell count (WBC)..."

Copper Deficiency

The Condition
"...Copper deficiency results in several abnormalities of the immune system, such as a reduced cellular immune response, reduced activity of white blood cells and, possibly, reduced thymus hormone production, all of which may contribute to an increased infection rate..."

Crohn's Disease

The Condition
"...When the intestinal immune system does not function properly, many white blood cells accumulate in the inner lining (mucosa) of the gut..."

Cystitis, Bacterial bladder Infection

The Condition
"...White blood cells will also move into the bladder and urine to kill the invading bacteria..."

Recommendation Urinalysis
"...Many patients, therefore, may receive an abbreviated laboratory work-up using dipstick tests to screen for the presence of bacteria and white blood cells..."

Cytokines

Related Topic
"...They are secreted by white blood cells, T cells, epithelial cells and some other body cells..."

Diabetes Type II

Recommendation Vitamin E
"...Ishwarlal Jialal and Sridevi Devaraj found that increased inflammation caused by white blood cells - monocytes - was reduced when diabetics were given 1,200 IU per day of natural vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) for three months..."

Diarrhea

The Condition
"...A complete blood count should be obtained to look for evidence of anemia or an abnormal white blood cell count..."

Ehrlichiosis

The Condition
"...Diagnosis & Tests A CBC shows decreased white blood cells (leukopenia), decreased platelets (thrombocytopenia); a granulocyte stain shows clumps of bacteria inside white blood cells; the platelet count shows decreased platelets..."

Eosinophil

Related Topic
"The eosinophils, ordinarily about 2% of the granulocyte count (60 to 75% of the white blood cells), increase in number in the presence of allergic disorders and parasitic infestations..."

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

The Condition
"...Serologic test results include a normal to moderately elevated white blood cell count, an increased total number of lymphocytes, greater than 10% atypical lymphocytes, and a positive reaction to a "mono spot" test..."

Exudates

Related Topic
"...Unlike a transudate, which is merely edema from lymphatic congestion, exudates contain dead cells, erythrocytes, white blood cells and often pus..."

Gallbladder Disease

The Condition
"...A high white blood cell count (leukocytosis) is another common finding but should not be relied on to establish a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis..."

Garlic

As A Treatment
"...227-37] One way garlic enhances the immune system is by promoting phagocytosis, the ability of white blood cells to fight infections..."

Gastritis

The Condition
"...Gastritis can be diagnosed by biopsy and specimen examination under a microscope, where the presence of increased white blood cells is seen..."

Related Topic
"...White blood cells move into the wall of the stomach as a response to some type of injury; this does not mean that there is an ulcer or cancer - it is simply inflammation, either acute or chronic..."

Gout / Hyperuricemia

The Condition
"...When these crystals are ingested by white blood cells, the cells release enzymes that evoke inflammation..."

Granulocyte

Related Topic
"A mature white blood cell with cytoplasm containing granules..."

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

The Condition
"...Some theories suggest an autoimmune mechanism, in which the patient's defense system of antibodies and white blood cells are triggered into damaging the nerve covering or insulation, leading to weakness and abnormal sensation..."

Hepatitis

The Condition
"...Unlike other white blood cells, inadequate numbers of NK cells are rarely a problem..."

HIV/AIDS

Recommendation Sugars Avoidance / Reduction
"Sugar and corn syrup found in many desserts impair the engulfing power of white blood cells..."

Hives

Recommendation Conventional Drug Use
"...Other inflammatory white blood cells, including lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells, have also been implicated..."

Hypersplenism

The Condition
"...Most patients will develop an enlarged spleen, anemia, leukopenia, or abnormally low white blood cell counts, or thrombocytopenia, a deficiency of circulating platelets in the blood..."

Infectious Mononucleosis - Mono

The Condition
"...Diagnosis & Tests Confirmation, if necessary, can be accomplished by either of two blood tests ... EBV causes an increase in a specific type of white blood cell, the atypical lymphocyte..."

Kaposi's Sarcoma

The Condition
"...Chemotherapy can affect the heart and suppress bone marrow function, causing a drop in the number of white blood cells..."

Lactoferrin

As A Treatment
"A protein that is found in milk, tears, mucus, bile, and some white blood cells and is being studied in the treatment and prevention of cancer..."

Leukemia

Related Topic
"Cancer of the lymph glands and bone marrow resulting in overproduction of white blood cells (related to Hodgkin's disease)..."

Leukocyte

Related Topic
"A white blood cell which appears 5,000 to 10,000 times in each cubic millimeter of normal human blood..."

Leukocytosis

Related Topic
"Having abnormally high numbers of white blood cells, usually the result of a non-viral infection..."

Leukopenia

Related Topic
"A condition in which the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood is abnormally low..."

Leukosis

Related Topic
"Abnormal proliferation of any of the tissues that produce white blood cells..."

Low White Count

The Condition
"White blood cells play an important role in the immunity/immune system of an individual..."

Relationship to Lupus, SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythromatosis)
"...A low white blood cell count is suggestive of active lupus (although certain viruses can also give a low white count) while a high count suggests infection..."

Relationship to Chronic / Hidden Infection
"A hidden chronic or overwhelming infection - especially a viral infection - can result in a depressed white blood cell count..."

Relationship to Chemotherapy Side-Effects
"Radiation therapy and chemotherapy destroy fast-growing cells such as white blood cells..."

L-Taurine

As A Treatment
"...Important to the heart muscle, white blood cells, musculo-skeletal system, and central nervous system, it has been used in the treatment of breast cancer, anxiety, poor brain function, epilepsy, and Down syndrome children..."

Lupus, SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythromatosis)

The Condition
"...and/or psychosis in the absence of drugs or metabolic disturbances which are known to cause such effects Hematologic disorder - Hemolytic anemia (low red blood cell count) or leukopenia (white blood cell count <4,000/uL), lymphopenia (<1,500/uL) or thrombocytopenia (<100,000/uL) in the absence of offending drug..."

Lymphatic Stimulation

As A Treatment
"...This fluid consists of waste materials and some white blood cells..."

Lymphatic System

Related Topic
"...Lymphatic fluid (also called lymph) is rich in white blood cells that fight infection and an important part of the body's immune system..."

Lymphocyte

Related Topic
"A type of white blood cell found in lymph, blood, and other specialized tissue such as bone marrow and tonsils, constituting between 22 and 28 percent of all white blood cells in the blood of a normal adult..."

Massage

As A Treatment
"...There are some small studies indicating immune stimulation by increasing white blood cell quantity and natural killer-cell activity..."

Megaloblastic Anemia / Pernicious Anemia

The Condition
"...Decreased numbers and immaturity of white blood cells (leukocytes) and blood platelets (thrombocytes) may also occur..."

Mononucleosis

Related Topic
"...The general symptoms are fever, sore throat, exhaustion, and abnormal white blood cells..."

Multiple Myeloma

The Condition
"...Recurrent infection -- Increased numbers of myeloma cells can also decrease the production of infection-fighting white blood cells, leading to reduced immunity and the possibility of frequent recurrent infections, such as bacterial pneumonia, urinary-tract infections, and shingles..."

Multiple Sclerosis

The Condition
"...The lesions or plaques of multiple sclerosis are areas of tissue damage arising from inflammation, which occurs when white blood cells and fluid accumulate around blood vessels..."

Recommendation Conventional Drug Use
"...Most of the destruction of the myelin sheath takes place from actions of the white blood cells and their antibodies..."

Neutropenia

The Condition
"Neutrophils are a specific kind of white blood cell that help prevent and fight infections..."

Neutrophilia

The Condition
"Neutrophils are white blood cells (WBC) that move from the blood into the cells to kill invading bacteria and fungi..."

Neutrophils

Related Topic
"Another name for polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the most common type of blood-carried white blood cell, and the first mobile resistance cell to come to the rescue in injury..."

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

The Condition
"...Until the transplanted bone marrow begins to produce enough white blood cells, patients have to be carefully protected from infection..."

Ozone / Oxidative Therapy

As A Treatment
"...to Frank Shallenberger, MD, author of The Principles and Applications of Ozone Therapy, bio-oxidative therapies affect the human body in the following ways ... They stimulate the production of white blood cells, which are necessary to fight infection..."

Pancytopenia

Related Topic
"...There are fewer red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets..."

Periodontal Disease - Gingivitis

The Condition
"...The infection fighting white blood cells become trapped and die..."

Peritonitis

The Condition
"...Diagnosis & Tests Laboratory findings ... Ascitic fluid - turbid, bloody, may contain fat globules; increased WBC; Gram's stain and aerobic and anaerobic cultures show multiple organisms; increased amylase; increased mononuclear cells and decreased glucose occur in tuberculous peritonitis..."

Peyer's Patches

Related Topic
"...They contain white blood cells, defend against invading bacteria and try to prevent inadequately digested food particles from crossing the gut wall and entering the blood..."

Polymyositis

The Condition
"...It begins when white blood cells - the immune cells of inflammation - spontaneously invade muscles..."

Recommendation Conventional Drug Use
"...These medicines can be effective by suppressing the immune response which attracts the white blood cells of inflammation to the muscles..."

Poor/Slow Wound Healing

The Condition
"...White blood cells clean the wound of debris and bacteria..."

Recommendation Aloe Vera
"...Some of these components cause cells to divide and multiply; some stimulate the growth of white blood cells..."

Recommendation L-Arginine
"...The same study found marked enhancement of the activity and efficacy of peripheral T-lymphocytes (white blood cells in the bloodstream) [Kirk et al..."

Recommendation Glutamine
"The amino acid glutamine is an important substrate for rapidly proliferating cells, including lymphocytes (white blood cells)..."

Recommendation Zinc
"...Zinc is required for the development and activation of T-lymphocytes, a kind of white blood cell that helps fight infection..."

Prostatitis

The Condition
"...The three-glass urine collection method is used to measure the presence of white blood cells and bacteria in the urine and prostatic fluid..."

Psoriatic Arthritis

The Condition
"...More serious side-effects, monitored through regular blood and urine tests, include liver damage, and excessive lowering of the white blood cell count (increasing susceptibility to certain infections) and platelet count (affecting blood clotting)..."

Radiation Therapy (Radio Therapy)

As A Treatment
"...Radiation therapy also may cause a decrease in the number of white blood cells or platelets..."

Rectal Cancer

The Condition
"...5-fluorouracil may cause low white blood cell count, ulcers, and visual problems..."

Rheumatoid Arthritis

The Condition
"...White blood cells that are part of the normal immune system travel to the synovium and cause a reaction..."

Sarcoidosis

The Condition
"...The disorder involves an abnormal immune system response resulting in deposits of white blood cells and abnormal tissue cells in the affected organs..."

Sinusitis

The Condition
"...Normal controls had almost as much growth, the difference being that those patients with chronic sinusitis had eosinophils (a type of white blood cell involved in allergic and other reactions) which had become activated..."

Susceptibility To Miscarriages

The Condition
"...Some of the messages involve the tissue type, also known as the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and the white blood cell (leukocyte) type..."

Test Immune System Function

As A Treatment
"...Function A full blood count and a differential white cell count tell us whether there are enough white blood cells of each required type present..."

Test Zinc Levels

As A Treatment
"...Function The best method of accurately determining zinc status is through measuring white blood cell levels..."

Therapeutic Fasting

As A Treatment
"...Function; Reasons For Use During an acute viral illness, fasting activates white blood cells and causes more interferon to be produced..."

Thymic Factors

As A Treatment
"...The thymus seeds the body with immature T-cells, the white blood cells responsible for "cell-mediated immunity"..."

Thymus

Related Topic
"...For example, "T" cells are white blood cells that have been activated by the thymus; hence the letter "T"..."

T-Lymphocyte

Related Topic
"Long-lived mononuclear white blood cell having the property of destroying target cells and responsible for cell-mediated immunity..."

Torn, weak, or Stretched Ligaments or Tendons

The Condition
"...The ligamentous and cellular debris and a number of chemicals in the fluid or plasma around the broken-open ceils attract an influx of white blood cells called leukocytes..."

Ulcerative Colitis

The Condition
"...Laboratory findings ... Gross or occult blood in stool; WBC in stool..."

Our Question about mucus in stools
"...Rectal mucous, which can be high in red and white blood cells, accompanies stools or occurs between bowel movements..."

Urinalysis

As A Treatment
"...Leukocyte Esterase: A positive leukocyte esterase test results from the presence of white blood cells either as whole cells or as lysed cells..."

Weakened Immune System

Relationship to Vitamin B12 Requirement
"Impaired white blood cells response can be a sign of B12 deficiency..."

Recommendation Massage
"Medical students at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey who were massaged showed a significant increase in white blood cells and natural killer cell activity, suggesting a benefit to the immune system..."

West Nile Virus

The Condition
"...Diagnostic tests that may be used if West Nile virus is suspected include the following ... CBC -- may show a normal or elevated white blood cell (WBC) count..."





Last updated: Oct 08, 2008


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