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Glossary: Sodium
 


Definition
An essential mineral that our bodies regulate and conserve. Excess sodium retention increases the fluid volume (edema) and low sodium leads to less fluid and relative dehydration. The adult body averages a total content of over 100 grams of sodium, of which a surprising one-third is in bone. A small amount of sodium does get into cell interiors, but this represents only about ten percent of the body content. The remaining 57 percent or so of the body sodium content is in the fluid immediately surrounding the cells, where it is the major cation (positive ion). The role of sodium in the extracellular fluid is maintaining osmotic equilibrium (the proper difference in ions dissolved in the fluids inside and outside the cell) and extracellular fluid volume. Sodium is also involved in nerve impulse transmission, muscle tone and nutrient transport. All of these functions are interrelated with potassium.

Topics Related To Sodium
AcidosisThe Condition
"...This deprives the body of alkaline minerals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium and leaves us prone to chronic and degenerative diseases..."

Addison's Disease

The Condition
"...These may include an elevated blood level of potassium, a low blood level of sodium, a shift in the ratio of certain white blood cells, or surprising changes on an EKG or chest X-ray that are caused by high potassium or low blood volume..."

Related Topic
"A condition characterized by the chronic destruction of the adrenal cortex, which leads to an increased loss of sodium and water in the urine, muscle weakness and low blood pressure..."

Adrenal

Related Topic
"...The adrenals control the body's potassium/sodium balance, which is vital for energy production..."

Allergic Rhinitis / Hay Fever

Recommendation Conventional Drug Use
"...Cromolyn sodium is the only preventative drug choice; works as well as antihistamines but does not cause drowsiness; take continuously or it will not work effectively; it is virtually without side-effects..."

Anxiety

The Condition
"...In people with chronic anxiety unrelated to life events, an injection of sodium lactate will trigger a panic attack..."

Asthma

Recommendation Selenium
"...In a small double-blind trial, supplementation with 100mcg of sodium selenite (a form of selenium) per day for 14 weeks resulted in clinical improvement in six of eleven patients, compared with only one of ten in the placebo group..."

Recommendation Salt Intake Reduction
"...[BMJ 1988;297:454] At least four double-blind trials have provided limited evidence of clinical improvement following a period of sodium restriction..."

Recommendation Food Additive Avoidance
"...Some asthmatics react to additives such as sulfur dioxide, tartrazine (yellow dye #5), and sodium benzoate, as well as natural salicylates (aspirin-like substances found in many foods)..."

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Recommendation Food Additive Avoidance
"...the following food additives be avoided: Amaranth, Benzoic Acid, BHA, BHT, Brilliant Blue FCF, Caramel, Carmine, Carmoiic Acid, Cochineal, FCFV, Indigo, Potassium Nitrate, Quinoline Yellow, Red 2G, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Nitrate, Sulfur Dioxide, Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine, Try to avoid foods, such as the following, with high salicylate content, to see if their removal causes a difference in..."

Boron

As A Treatment
"...History; Source Boron in the form of its sodium salt has been used by man for over 2,500 years as a flux for welding gold and as an embalming agent by the Egyptians..."

Calcium

As A Treatment
"...In this sense, it is similar to sodium citrate..."

Cancer, General

Recommendation Coffee Enema
"...When cells are challenged by poisons, oxygen deprivation, malnutrition or a physical trauma they lose potassium, take on sodium and chloride, and swell up with excess water..."

Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers)

Recommendation Personal Hygiene Changes
"It may be a good idea to avoid toothpaste that contains sodium lauryl sulfate because it breaks up a protective barrier on the teeth and gums, which results in a greater frequency of ulcers..."

Caprylic acid

As A Treatment
"...Caprylic Acid (often used in its stable form sodium caprylate) is an 8-carbon fatty acid..."

Chemical Avoidance

As A Treatment
"...Not long ago, there were few alternatives for those wishing to avoid chemicals other than to use old-fashioned cleaning products such as plain soaps or sodium bicarbonate to wash clothes and for general cleaning, borax for washing floors, vinegar for cleaning windows, and washing soda for cleaning toilets..."

Chlorine Bleach

As A Treatment
"Household bleach, also known as chlorine bleach or sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), has a pH level of 11 and is mainly used in the home for whitening clothes, removing stains, and disinfecting..."

Chronic Fatigue / Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Recommendation Raw Food Diet
"...Total serum cholesterol showed a statistically significant lowering and urinary sodium dropped to 1/3 of the beginning value indicating good diet compliance..."

Chronic Inflammation

Recommendation Bioflavonoids
"...Quercetin is known to reduce histamine release from some inflammatory white blood cells Quercetin has been likened to the anti-inflammatory drug cromolyn sodium, which acts in a similar fashion Quercetin has also been shown to prevent release of leukotrienes - prostaglandin-like substances that also cause inflammation..."

Colon Cleansing

As A Treatment
"...Your colon absorbs water and sodium to maintain your body's fluid and electrolyte balance..."

Coronary Disease / Heart Attack

Recommendation Increased Legume Consumption
"...Legumes contain low levels of sodium and high levels of potassium, calcium and magnesium - a combination that is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease..."

Corticosteroids

As A Treatment
"...Patients taking corticosteroids over long periods may need to follow special diets, reducing the amount of sodium or increasing the amount of protein they eat, for example..."

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

The Condition
"...Opiate drugs can help relieve pain if it occurs, and the drugs clonazepam and sodium valproate may help relieve myoclonus..."

Cystic Fibrosis

The Condition
"...It measures the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in the sweat..."

Dairy Products Avoidance

As A Treatment
"...The long list of foods and ingredients to avoid includes ... sodium caseinate..."

Diarrhea

The Condition
"...Decreased urine sodium and volume due to marked fluid and electrolyte loss in stool..."

Diuretic

Related Topic
"An agent increasing urine flow, causing the kidneys to excrete more than the usual amount of sodium, potassium and water..."

Edema (Water Retention)

Recommendation Ginkgo Biloba
"Idiopathic cyclic edema is characterized by water and sodium retention with secondary hyperaldosteronism (over-production of aldosterone) due to capillary hyperpermeability..."

Encephalitis

The Condition
"...Patients with very severe encephalitis are at risk for systemic (body wide) complications including shock, low oxygen, low blood pressure, and low sodium levels..."

Excess Salt Consumption

The Condition
"...Sodium is the major electrolyte that maintains normal fluid outside the cells..."

Recommendation Processed Foods Avoidance
"...If the sodium content per 100gm is greater than 0..."

Fecal Softener

Related Topic
"...An example is docusate sodium, an anionic surfactant that also exerts a stimulant laxative effect similar to that of the anthraquinones..."

Food Additive Avoidance

As A Treatment
"...The most commonly used preservatives in food are sodium benzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate esters, and sulfur dioxide..."

Glomerulonephritis

Recommendation Salt Intake Reduction
"If you have IgAN with hypertension or edema, you may be asked to reduce sodium intake..."

Headaches

The Condition
"...cola, tea, coffee) and some food additives (monosodium, glutamate, sodium nitrate) are all possible triggers..."

Heartburn / GERD / Acid Reflux

Recommendation Bladderwrack
"An over-the-counter antacid, Gaviscon®, containing magnesium carbonate and sodium alginate (the sodium salt of alginic acid, an active component of bladderwrack), has been shown to effectively relieve the symptoms of heartburn compared to other antacids in a double-blind..."

Heat Exhaustion

The Condition
"...Sweat not only contains substantial amounts of sodium (1gm per liter), but also modest amounts of potassium and small amounts of minerals such as iron and calcium..."

Recommendation Increased Salt Consumption
"Most commerical sports drinks have modest sodium content in order to make them more palatable..."

Heavy Metal Toxicity

Recommendation High/Increased Fiber Diet
"Sodium alginate as well as other gel-forming fibers have been shown to inhibit heavy metal uptake in the gut..."

Hypernatremia

Related Topic
"An excess of sodium in the blood: a short-lived condition since the body retains water until the concentration is back to normal, and the blood volume (as well as blood pressure) has increased..."

Hypertension

The Condition
"...dietary sodium, obesity, stress) seem to act only in genetically susceptible persons..."

Our Question about hypertension in parents
"...Environmental factors such as dietary sodium, obesity and stress seem to act only in genetically susceptible persons..."

Recommendation Potassium
"...This is the inverse of excess sodium..."

Recommendation Salt Intake Reduction
"...Salt restriction is recommended for those individuals with hypertension who are "salt-sensitive" or are prone to retaining sodium, gaining weight, and developing a rise in blood pressure as a result of a high-salt diet..."

Hyperthyroidism

Recommendation Selenium
"...Selenium supplementation with 200mcg of sodium selenite may improve the inflammatory activity seen in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, but whether this effect is specific for autoimmune thyroiditis or may also be effective in other..."

Hyponatremia (Low Blood Sodium Level)

The Condition
"Hyponatremia is a lower-than-normal concentration of sodium in the blood..."

Recommendation Increased Salt Consumption
"The concentration of sodium in the blood plasma depends on the total amount of sodium and water in the circulatory system..."

Hypopituitarism

The Condition
"...As the deficiency becomes more serious or has a more rapid onset (Addison crisis), symptoms of confusion, stupor, psychosis, abnormal electrolytes (low serum sodium, elevated serum potassium), and vascular collapse (low blood pressure and shock) can occur..."

Hypotension

Recommendation Increased Water Consumption
"...Sports drinks that are high in sodium and potassium are recommended, especially during exercise or in hot weather..."

Recommendation Increased Salt Consumption
"...One of the most common - and treatable - problems identified in those with NMH (Neurally Mediated Hypotension) is a low dietary salt (sodium) intake..."

Recommendation Conventional Drug Use
"...It works by promoting sodium retention by the kidney, thereby causing fluid retention and some swelling, which is necessary to improve blood pressure..."

Increased Salt Consumption

As A Treatment
"Source Foods high in organic sodium include pears, watermelon, celery, cabbage, okra and cucumber..."

Increased Water Consumption

As A Treatment
"...When drinking lots of water throughout the day, salts (especially sodium) are washed through the kidneys and voided..."

Intestinal Obstruction

The Condition
"...This leads to fluid loss, dehydration and electrolyte imbalances involving sodium, potassium and chloride..."

Kidney Disease

The Condition
"...The kidneys regulate the body's content of water, sodium, and potassium..."

Kidneys

Related Topic
"...The kidneys recycle chemicals such as sodium, phosphorus, and potassium and thus regulate their levels..."

Leg Cramps At Night

The Condition
"...Low levels of certain minerals known as electrolytes - magnesium, potassium, calcium and sodium - have long been linked to leg cramps..."

Magnesium

As A Treatment
"...To function optimally, magnesium must be balanced in the body with calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium chloride..."

Related Topic
"...It is the fifth mineral in abundance within the body--behind calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium..."

Magnesium Requirement

The Condition
"...The DASH study (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) suggested that high blood pressure could be significantly lowered by a diet high in magnesium, potassium, and calcium, and low in sodium and fat..."

Mercury Toxicity (Amalgam Illness)

Recommendation High/Increased Fiber Diet
"Sodium alginate as well as other gel-forming fibers have been shown to inhibit heavy metal uptake in the gut..."

Mineralocorticoid

Related Topic
"One of the steroids of the adrenal cortex that influences salt (sodium, potassium) metabolism..."

Multiple Mineral Supplementation

As A Treatment
"...Bulk minerals include calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus..."

Muscle Cramps / Twitching

Relationship to Dehydration
"Excess sweating or dehydration can deplete minerals in the body - minerals that are important for good muscle function, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus..."

Recommendation Conventional Drug Avoidance
"Medications such as diuretics or water pills can lead to cramping due to loss of sodium and potassium..."

Natriuretic

Related Topic
"Agent causing sodium to be excreted into the urine..."

Osmotic Laxative

Related Topic
"...The most commonly used osmotic laxatives include magnesium hydroxide ("Milk of Magnesia"), magnesium citrate, magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), sodium potassium tartrate, lactulose, glycerol and polyethylene glycol..."

Osteoporosis - Osteopenia

The Condition
"...The bisphosphonates disodium etidronate and alendronate sodium reduce bone resorption by inhibiting the osteoclasts..."

Recommendation Salt Intake Reduction
"Sodium (salt) tends to leach calcium out of the bones..."

Pancreatic Cancer

Our Question about luncheon meat consumption
"...Researchers pin the blame on sodium nitrite, a chemical used in nearly all processed meats, including sausage, hot dogs, jerkies, bacon, lunch meat, and even meats in canned soup products..."

Panic Attacks

The Condition
"...Additional support for an overly acidic system, apart from breathing, comes from the fact that in people with chronic anxiety unrelated to life events, an injection of sodium lactate can trigger a panic attack..."

Recommendation Alkalizing Agents/Diet
"For people with chronic anxiety unrelated to life events, injection of an acid such as sodium lactate can trigger a panic attack..."

Poor Bone Health

Recommendation Salt Intake Reduction
"Because urinary sodium excretion and urinary calcium excretion occur together in the kidneys, increasing the level of dietary sodium triggers urinary calcium losses [Massey and Whiting, 1996]..."

Poor Cerebral Circulation

The Condition
"...Treatment & Prevention Treatment involves weight loss (if this is part of the problem), sodium restriction, and drugs to reduce pressure, in addition to symptomatic treatments if these do not subside..."

Poor Small Intestine Health

The Condition
"...Lipase, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and sodium bicarbonate are received from the pancreas upon hormonal signals from pancreozymin and other hormones (produced in the small intestine) and neural signals from the vagus nerve..."

Potassium

As A Treatment
"...It is used to regulate sodium, calcium, as well as a host of other nutrients..."

Related Topic
"...Our bodies contain more than twice as much potassium as sodium (typically 9oz versus 4oz)..."

Potassium Need

The Condition
"...Potassium balances sodium in the body to regulate hydration..."

Our Question about skin elasticity
"...The skin on the back of one's hand, when pinched, should snap back like a fresh rubber band; if there is not enough potassium or too much sodium then the tissues will start to harden and return to their resting position more slowly..."

Recommendation Increased Fruit/Vegetable Consumption
"A fresh fruit and vegetable diet has about a hundred times more potassium than sodium..."

Premenstrual Syndrome PMS C (Craving)

The Condition
"...Sodium chloride enhances insulin response to glucose ingestion, and decreased pancreatic magnesium levels result in increased secretion of insulin in response to glucose..."

Premenstrual Syndrome PMS H (Headache)

Recommendation Magnesium
"...In laboratory animals, a pyridoxine deficiency at the renal level decreases the kidneys’ ability to secrete sodium..."

Problems Caused By Being Overweight

The Condition
"...Two proposed mechanisms underlying this correlation are the stimulation of sodium retention and increased catecholamine release, which are results of increased sodium sensitivity and hyperinsulinemia..."

Progesterone Low or Estrogen Dominance

The Condition
"...Estrogen and most of the synthetic progestins increase intracellular sodium and water uptake..."

Prostaglandin E

Related Topic
"...These two, if made by the kidneys, slow sodium reabsorption; if within the uterus, induce a stronger response from less stimulus; if made in the stomach lining inhibit gastric secretion; if secreted by macrophages, target tissues become more..."

Raditaion Poisoning

Recommendation Sodium Alginate
"Sodium alginate is a good chelator for pulling radioactive toxins from the body which have taken that place of ther non-radioactive counterparts, for example Iodine 131 and Strontium 90..."

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome

The Condition
"...Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen sodium (Aleve) may ease pain and inflammation..."

Salt Intake Reduction

As A Treatment
"...Your total daily consumption should be no more than 2gm of sodium per day, which means 5gm of salt..."

Salt Intake Requirement

The Condition
"When drinking lots of water throughout the day, salts (especially sodium) are washed through the kidneys and voided..."

Salt Sensitivity

Recommendation Processed Foods Avoidance
"...If the sodium content per 100gm is greater than 0..."

Recommendation Salt Intake Reduction
"On average, only 10% of dietary sodium comes from salt added to food at the table..."

Seizure Disorder

Recommendation against Increased Water Consumption
"...Through a complex process, excessive water intake can lower sodium content in body fluids and predispose one to seizures..."

Selenium

As A Treatment
"...The selenium in drinking water is usually in the form of inorganic sodium selenate and sodium selenite, which are also easily absorbed in the digestive tract..."

Selenium Allergy Protocol

As A Treatment
"...Take 1/2 dropper full of the above-mentioned sodium selenium solution and mix it into the first container of water and stir..."

Selenium Requirement

The Condition
"...Lymphocytes from volunteers supplemented with selenium (as sodium selenite) at 200mcg per day showed an enhanced response to antigen stimulation and an increased ability to develop into cytotoxic lymphocytes and to destroy tumor cells..."

Our Question about vitamin C supplementation
"The availability of selenium for absorption was reduced almost to zero when sodium selenite (a common form of selenium) and 1gm ascorbic acid were taken together well before any meal..."

Sodium Alginate

As A Treatment
"The chemical compound sodium alginate is the sodium salt of alginic acid..."

Stevia

As A Treatment
"...Stevia also contains protein, fibers, carbohydrates, phosphorus, iron, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, rutin (flavonoid), zinc, vitamin C and vitamin A..."

Stimulant Laxative

Related Topic
"...The most common active ingredients include the Anthraquinones (Senna, Aloin, Frangula, Cascara and Powdered rhubarb) and the Diphenylmethane derivatives (Bisacodyl, Sodium picosulfate, Phenolphthalein)..."

Stroke

The Condition
"...Other risk factors for stroke include ... Diets high in alcohol, cholesterol, fat and sodium consumption..."

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The Condition
"...A subarachnoid hemorrhage also causes shifts in the level of electrolytes, especially sodium, in the blood..."

Sulfite Sensitivity

The Condition
"...There are six names used for sulfites: sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and potassium metabisulfite..."

Thiazide

Related Topic
"A class of diuretics that increase the excretion of sodium and chloride and accompanying volume of water..."

Torn, weak, or Stretched Ligaments or Tendons

The Condition
"...Sodium morrhuate is another frequently used proliferant..."

Urinalysis

As A Treatment
"...acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid) resulting from either diabetic ketosis or some other form of calorie deprivation (starvation), are easily detected using either dipsticks or test tablets containing sodium nitroprusside..."

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

As A Treatment
"...Pyridoxine also aids in maintaining sodium and potassium balance and promotes red blood cell formation..."





Last updated: Jul 26, 2007


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