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Microbiological Stool Exam
  Microbiological Stool Exam
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Stool (feces) is an important body substance to check for the presence of disease-causing microorganisms, particularly parasites and bacteria. For the most part, laboratories use microbiology tests -- similar to microbiological blood tests -- to determine if disease-causing microorganisms are present. Three main types of microbiological tests are commonly performed on feces:

  • Antibody-antigen type tests, that look for a specific virus
  • Microscopic examination for intestinal parasites and their eggs (ova)
  • Routine culture.
Routine culture involves streaking the sample onto agar plates containing special additives, such as MacConkey's Agar, which will inhibit the growth of Gram-positive organisms and will selectively allow enteric pathogens to grow. These pathogens are incubated for a period, and the bacterial colonies observed.

The main pathogens that are commonly looked for in feces include:
  • Salmonella and Shigella
  • Yersinia
  • Campylobacter
  • Aeromonas
  • Candida (if the patient is immunosuppressed e.g. AIDS or cancer treatment)
  • E. coli O157 (if blood is visible in the stool sample.)





Microbiological Stool Exam can help with the following:
Infections  Bacterial Dysbiosis
 A microbiological assessment of bacterial populations in the GI tract is important for determining the nature of the imbalance when dysbiosis is suspected. Repeat testing should occur after treatment to ensure that the imbalance has been corrected.

The most useful test for large intestine dysbiosis is a Comprehensive Digestive Stool Analysis (CDSA) which includes an evaluation of many different aspects of digestion as well as a report on bacterial growth.


KEY
Highly recommended


GLOSSARY

AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. An immune system deficiency disorder that suddenly alters the body's ability to defend itself. The AIDS virus invades the T4 helper/inducer lymphocytes and multiplies, causing a breakdown in the body's immune system, eventually leading to overwhelming infection and/or cancer, with ultimate death.

Bacteria (Bacterial, Bacterium)
Microscopic germs. Some bacteria are "harmful" and can cause disease, while other "friendly" bacteria protect the body from harmful invading organisms.

Cancer
Refers to the various types of malignant neoplasms that contain cells growing out of control and invading adjacent tissues, which may metastasize to distant tissues.

Candidiasis (Candida)
Infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of candida, usually Candida albicans. The infection is usually localized to the skin, nails, mouth, vagina, bronchi, or lungs, but may invade the bloodstream. It is a common inhabitant of the GI tract, only becoming a problem when it multiplies excessively and invades local tissues. Growth is encouraged by a weakened immune system, as in AIDS, or with the prolonged administration of antibiotics. Vaginal symptoms include itching in the genital area, pain when urinating, and a thick odorless vaginal discharge. Candidiasis is also known as: Candida; Candida albicans; Candida Related Complex; Chronic Candida Syndrome; (Chronic) Systemic Candidiasis; Monilia; Candidiasis Hypersensitivity Syndrome; Candidosis; (Chronic) Mucocutaneous Candidosis; Thrush (oral or vaginal); Moniliasis; Polysystematic Candidiasis.

Enteric (Enteric-coated)
Pertaining to the small intestines. Enteric-coated: A coating that prevents a tablet or capsule from being digested until it reaches the small intestine.

Gastrointestinal (GI, GI Tract)
Pertaining to the stomach, small and large intestines, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

Parasite (Parasites, Parasitic, Parasitical)
An organism living in or on another organism.

Salmonella
A widespread genus of gram-negative motile-rod bacteria, some of which can cause moderate GI infections, while several can produce metabolites in food that cause serious toxic reaction when the food is eaten.

Virus (Viri, Viruses)
Any of a vast group of minute structures composed of a protein coat and a core of DNA and/or RNA that reproduces in the cells of the infected host. Capable of infecting all animals and plants, causing devastating disease in immunocompromised individuals. Viruses are not affected by antibiotics, and are completely dependent upon the cells of the infected host for the ability to reproduce.




Last updated: Nov 14, 2009


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