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Glossary: Iron
 


Definition
An essential mineral. Prevents anemia: as a constituent of hemoglobin, transports oxygen throughout the body. Virtually all of the oxygen used by cells in the life process are brought to the cells by the hemoglobin of red blood cells. Iron is a small but most vital, component of the hemoglobin in 20,000 billion red blood cells, of which 115 million are formed every minute. Heme iron (from meat) is absorbed 10 times more readily than the ferrous or ferric form.

Topics Related To Iron
A Vegetarian DietThe Condition
"...Iron is plentiful in whole grains, beans, and fruits..."

Alcohol-related Problems

Relationship to Hemochromatosis (Iron overload)
"Use of alcohol and other hepatotoxic drugs lowers the ability of the liver to safely store iron and may accelerate the development of the liver changes seen with hemochromatosis..."

Alfalfa

As A Treatment
"...Because its deep root system reaches where other plants can not, Alfalfa is a rich source of the minerals calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, iron, potassium, and trace minerals..."

Alpha Lipoic Acid

As A Treatment
"...Lipoic acid is also a super-chelator, capable of removing form our bodies excess iron, calcium, copper, toxic molecules such as cadmium, lead and mercury, as well as organic hydrocarbons..."

Aluminum Consumption Avoidance

As A Treatment
"...Another obvious and easily avoided source is aluminum cooking pots and pans, this can be quite easily remedied by using enamelled, stainless steel and cast iron pots..."

Anemia (Iron deficiency)

The Condition
"Iron deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia..."

Our Question about which trimester you are in
"Pregnancy can deplete iron stores..."

Relationship to Gluten Sensitivity / Celiac Disease
"...5% if the patients with macrocytic anemia and the patients with bleeding who responded to iron therapy were excluded..."

Relationship to Copper Deficiency
"Copper deficiency, due to its effects on ceruloplasmin, may cause an iron-deficiency anemia which can only be corrected with copper supplementation as it impairs iron absorption, reduces heme synthesis and increases iron accumulation in storage tissues..."

Recommendation Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
"It has been well established that better iron absorption occurs from both plant and animal sources when vitamin C is taken at the same time, whether from foods or as a supplement..."

Recommendation Molybdenum
"Molybdenum may help prevent anemia by helping mobilize iron, provided there are sufficient iron stores..."

Recommendation Iron
"Iron supplementation, with as much as 200mg of elemental iron per day, is the obvious therapy for treating and preventing the recurrence of iron deficiency anemia..."

Recommendation against Therapeutic Fasting
"Fasting should be avoided in severe cases of iron deficiency anemia..."

Recommendation Caffeine/Coffee Avoidance
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Anemia (Uncommon Nutritional)

The Condition
"...Iron, vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies can also produce forms of nutritional anemia - Iron Deficiency Anemia and Megaloblastic Anemia..."

Recommendation Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
"Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron..."

Antioxidant Requirement

Relationship to Parkinson's Disease
"...Numerous studies have shown that Parkinson's disease victims have low levels of natural antioxidants (glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and high levels of iron in the substantia nigra areas of their brains..."

Atrophic Gastritis

Recommendation Iron
"Ferric iron absorption is decreased in achlorhydria but heme iron absorption is not..."

Birth Control Pill Issues

The Condition
"...Iron..."

Black Radish

As A Treatment
"...The black radish is very high in sulfur, potassium, iron, and magnesium..."

Boils, Abscesses, Carbuncles

Recommendation Iron
"Recurrent boils are sometimes associated with low iron levels..."

Calcium

Related Topic
"...Calcium helps control blood acid-alkaline balance, plays a role in cell division, muscle growth and iron utilization, activates certain enzymes, and helps transport nutrients through cell membranes..."

Calcium Requirement

The Condition
"...Beware that calcium supplements can decrease the amount of iron you absorb..."

Our Question about level of coffee consumption
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Recommendation Caffeine/Coffee Avoidance
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers)

Relationship to Increased Folic Acid Requirement
"See the link between apthous ulcers and iron deficiency..."

Relationship to Megaloblastic Anemia / Pernicious Anemia
"See the link between apthous ulcers and iron deficiency..."

Relationship to Iron Requirement
"Vitamin B12, folate, zinc and iron have been shown to be effective in up to 60% of patients with canker sores when such a vitamin or mineral deficiency has been documented..."

Carcinoid Cancer

Relationship to General Mineral Requirement
"When diarrhea is present, minerals such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron and even salt may be deficient and should be replaced as necessary..."

CBC (Complete Blood Count) Test

As A Treatment
"...When the MCV is decreased, your RBCs are smaller than normal (microcytic), such as is seen in iron deficiency anemia or thalassemias..."

Chelation Therapy

As A Treatment
"...For example, hemoglobin (the red pigment in blood which carries oxygen) is a chelate of iron..."

Chronic Fatigue / Fibromyalgia Syndrome

The Condition
"...Nutritional Inadequacies: Nutritional deficiencies, especially of the B-complex vitamins, magnesium or iron may be aggravated by malabsorption or increased utilization..."

Chronic Renal Insufficiency

The Condition
"...Blood transfusions or medications such as iron and erythropoietin supplements may be needed to control anemia..."

Consequences of Poor Diet

Our Question about tea consumption
"Black tea has some healthy components (although green tea is better, and white tea better still), but it can interfere with the absorption of some nutrients such as iron, especially when taken with meals..."

Copper

Related Topic
"...Copper is involved in iron incorporation into hemoglobin..."

Copper Deficiency

The Condition
"Copper deficiency is uncommon, but is sometimes found in combination with iron deficiency, especially with iron deficiency anemia..."

Creatinine Monohydrate

As A Treatment
"...Source Red meat contains creatinine, but also has some other undesirable substances (such as cholesterol and iron)..."

Crohn's Disease

Recommendation Superoxide Dismutase
"A study from France demonstrated the use of an antioxidant called superoxide dismutase and desferoxamine (an iron chelating drug) which allowed 82% of severe Crohn's patients to go into remission..."

Dairy Products Avoidance

As A Treatment
"...The long list of foods and ingredients to avoid includes ... iron caseinate..."

Diabetes Type II

Relationship to Hemochromatosis (Iron overload)
"Iron deposits in the pancreas decrease insulin production which can lead to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus..."

Diarrhea

The Condition
"...Short stature, weakness due to multifactorial anemia (iron, folate and occasional vitamin B12 deficiency), bone pain and spontaneous fractures from vitamin D and calcium malabsorption, bruising and bleeding related to vitamin K deficiency, gas and..."

Esophagitis

The Condition
"...malnutrition; chemicals that are swallowed; pills that become stuck in the esophagus; medications and supplements such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alendronate, doxycycline, iron, or potassium; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)..."

Excess Phytates in Diet

The Condition
"...They bind with minerals such as iron, calcium, and zinc and interfere with their absorption in the body..."

Excess Sugar Consumption

The Condition
"...has 14% of the RDA for calcium and 28% for iron..."

Female Hair Loss

Relationship to Iron Requirement
"Iron deficiency anemia can in some cases contribute to hair loss..."

Recommendation Test Iron Stores (Ferritin)
"Iron deficiency can cause hair loss in women..."

Folic Acid

Related Topic
"...It has an essential role in the formation of heme (the iron containing protein in hemoglobin necessary for the formation of red blood cells) and DNA..."

Fo-Ti / Heshouwu

As A Treatment
"...Other constituents include lecithins, sitosterol, catechins, cyanidins, calcium (2225ppm), iron, zinc and large amounts of starch..."

General Mineral Requirement

Our Question about level of coffee consumption
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Recommendation Caffeine/Coffee Avoidance
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Glossitis

The Condition
"...Causes & Development ... Disorders such as iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia and other B-vitamin deficiencies, oral lichen planus, erythema multiforme, aphthous ulcer, pemphigus vulgaris, syphilis, and others..."

Gluten Sensitivity / Celiac Disease

The Condition
"...Latent disease may manifest itself as irritable bowel syndrome with iron deficiency anemia, but little or no diarrhea..."

Gonads

Related Topic
"...Nutritional needs for the gonads vary somewhat, but all require plenty of essential fatty acids, vitamins C, E and B-complex, the minerals calcium, magnesium, selenium, iron and zinc..."

Heartburn / GERD / Acid Reflux

The Condition
"...Potassium and iron pills are corrosive and can cause ulcers (erosions) in the esophagus..."

Heat Exhaustion

The Condition
"...Sweat not only contains substantial amounts of sodium (1gm per liter), but also modest amounts of potassium and small amounts of minerals such as iron and calcium..."

Heavy Metal Toxicity

The Condition
"...Some heavy metals - such as cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, strontium, and zinc - are essential to health in trace amounts..."

Our Question about your serum iron level
"Elevated serum iron can occur in cases of lead poisoning..."

Relationship to Parkinson's Disease
"Metals such as iron, manganese, cadmium, copper, and mercury (from dental amalgams) have been implicated as causative factors in the development of Parkinson's disease..."

Hemochromatosis

Related Topic
"A rare disease in which iron deposits build up throughout the body..."

Hemochromatosis (Iron overload)

The Condition
"Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HHC) is characterized by increased iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract that may cause lifelong excessive iron absorption and accumulation and serious health effects including arthritis, cirrhosis, diabetes, impotence,..."

Our Question about your skin color prior to suntan
"...Deposition of iron within the skin causes inflammation and enhances melanin production by melanocytes..."

Relationship to Liver Cancer
"Once a person's liver iron concentration reaches 400 mmol/gm (dry weight), cirrhosis is common and the risk of liver cancer and death is increased..."

Relationship to Coronary Disease / Heart Attack
"...They have almost no increase in iron stores over those without the mutation [Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association September 21, 1999;100]..."

Relationship to Stroke
"According to a study published in Neurology, high iron levels in stroke patients may prompt more severe neurological symptoms and possibly increase brain damage..."

Recommendation against Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
"...Vitamin C increases intestinal iron absorption while at the same time it seems to have an effect in decreasing copper..."

Recommendation Transferrin Saturation Test
"The first step in working up a patient with suspected iron overload is the transferrin saturation measurement in a fasting blood draw..."

Recommendation Manganese
"Manganese can protect against the free radical damage from excess iron..."

High/Increased Fat Diet

As A Treatment
"...Those on an overly restrictive diet typically suffer deficits in several important dietary components, such as calcium and iron..."

Hookworm Infection

The Condition
"...However, treatment requires more than giving the anthelmintic, the patient should also receive dietary supplements to improve their general level of health, in particular iron supplementation is very important..."

Hypopituitarism

The Condition
"...can occur from a variety of insults, including damage from an enlarging pituitary tumor, irradiation of the pituitary gland, limited blood supply (as experienced in a stroke), trauma or abnormal iron storage (hemochromatosis)..."

Increased Folic Acid Requirement

The Condition
"...Folic acid supplements are usually prescribed, and self-care includes avoiding ... non-herbal tea, antacids, and phosphates (contained in beer, ice cream, and soft drinks), which restrict iron absorption..."

Increased Legume Consumption

As A Treatment
"...They are an excellent source of fiber, protein, iron, folic acid, and other B vitamins..."

Intestinal Malabsorption Syndrome

The Condition
"...Specific causes -- of which there are many -- lead to different patterns in malabsorption, involving for example fat and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K), vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, protein or carbohydrates..."

IP6 - Inositol Hexaphosphate

As A Treatment
"...Its antioxidant and iron building properties inhibit the progression of lung fibrosis in asbestosis..."

Iron

As A Treatment
"One of the most studied nutrients in history, iron deficiency and toxicity are well understood and researched..."

Iron Requirement

The Condition
"A deficiency of iron can occur in the body for a variety of reasons, such as inadequate intake, poor absorption (for example chronic diarrhoea or malabsorption syndrome), increased iron demands (as in pregnancy) and..."

Our Question about level of coffee consumption
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Recommendation Caffeine/Coffee Avoidance
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Kelp

As A Treatment
"...Rich in iodine, iron, copper, magnesium and calcium, kelp is also an excellent source of many trace minerals..."

Lactoferrin

As A Treatment
"...Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein that belongs to the iron transporter or transferrin family..."

Magnesium

As A Treatment
"...Magnesium is the "iron" of the plant world - as iron is to hemoglobin, so magnesium is to chlorophyll, the "blood" pigment of plants..."

Male Hair Loss

Relationship to Iron Requirement
"Iron deficiency anemia can in some cases contribute to hair loss..."

Manganese Requirement

The Condition
"...Treatment & Prevention Zinc, iron and calcium supplementation have an antagonistic effect on manganese absorption..."

Megaloblastic Anemia / Pernicious Anemia

Our Question about your serum iron level
"Elevated serum iron can occur as a result of pernicious anemia..."

Menorrhagia (Heavy Periods)

The Condition
"...hypothyroidism, iron deficiency, and vitamin A deficiency..."

Relationship to Iron Requirement
"Chronic iron deficiency can be a cause of menorrhagia, creating a cycle of more blood loss (iron loss) making the condition worse..."

Recommendation Test Iron Stores (Ferritin)
"Consistently excessive blood loss will result in a negative iron balance which will result in lowered serum ferritin levels..."

Recommendation Iron
"The following observations have been made regarding iron..."

Recommendation Bioflavonoids
"...As vitamin C is known to significantly increase iron absorption, its therapeutic effect could also be due to enhanced iron absorption..."

Metabolic Diet Type

The Condition
"...Nutrients to De-emphasize: Potassium, Magnesium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Silicone, Boron, Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, C, D, Paba, biotin, and Folic acid..."

Molybdenum

As A Treatment
"...Molybdenum is a vital part of three important enzyme systems - xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and sulfite oxidase - and so has a vital role in uric acid formation, iron utilization, carbohydrate metabolism, and sulfite detoxification..."

Related Topic
"...It helps regulate iron stores in the body and is a key component of at least three enzymes: xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase..."

Molybdenum Need

The Condition
"...It is needed for the proper function of certain enzyme-dependent processes, including the metabolism of iron..."

Motherhood Issues

Recommendation Vitamin A
"...and young children who are vitamin A deficient are at an increased risk of appetite loss, eye problems, lower resistance to infections, more frequent and severe episodes of diarrhea and measles, iron deficiency anemia, and growth failure..."

Multiple Mineral Supplementation

As A Treatment
"...Trace minerals include boron, chromium, copper, germanium, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum selenium, silicon, sulfur, vanadium and zinc..."

Multiple Vitamin Need

The Condition
"...for less with a marginal nutrient status? Treatment & Prevention Select populations will benefit from specific supplementation as in the following examples ... Premature infants need supplemental iron and vitamin K to maintain health..."

Our Question about level of coffee consumption
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Recommendation Caffeine/Coffee Avoidance
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Multiple Vitamin Supplement

As A Treatment
"..... The best multiple vitamins should contain a broad range of vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamins A, D, K, all of the B vitamins, and trace minerals, like boron, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc..."

Oil of Oregano

As A Treatment
"...Oil of oregano may reduce the absorption of iron, so take the oil at least two hours before or after consuming iron supplements..."

Osteoporosis - Osteopenia

The Condition
"...Milk, other calcium-containing products and iron supplements inhibit absorption..."

Oxalic Acid

Related Topic
"A substance that when joined with calcium in the body forms insoluble salts and hinders iron absorption from food..."

Parkinson's Disease

The Condition
"...of this research is that one can lower one's risk of developing Parkinson's disease by reducing one's intake of animal fats and sugar, avoiding excessive exposure to metals such as aluminum, iron, manganese, mercury, cadmium and copper, and by ensuring an adequate intake of antioxidants..."

Recommendation against Iron
"Avoiding overexposure to some metals, especially iron, can reduce the risk of developing Parkinson's disease..."

Plant-Based Nutrition

As A Treatment
"...Iron Diets consisting of vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, and nuts provide adequate iron..."

Poor/Slow Wound Healing

Recommendation Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
"...Vitamins B5 and C also kept iron from the wound areas, thus enhancing the healing process..."

Pregnancy-Related Issues

The Condition
"...Prevent Anemia with Iron..."

Recommendation Iron
"Iron is routinely prescribed for pregnant women during the second and third trimesters, when blood volume increases by 50%..."

Restless Leg Syndrome

Relationship to Iron Requirement
"See the treatment link between RLS and iron..."

Recommendation Iron
"RLS has been associated with an iron deficiency as measured by low ferritin levels..."

Sideroblastic Anemia

The Condition
"...Although the iron circulates normally from the plasma to the bone marrow, where new red blood cells are created, it is not properly incorporated into new red blood cells..."

Small Intestine Cancer

The Condition
"...Symptoms of advanced disease include fatigue, weight loss, iron deficiency anemia, visible blood loss (vomiting blood or a material that looks like coffee grounds, or black stools), severe nausea and vomiting (because of the blockage caused by the cancer in..."

Stevia

As A Treatment
"...Stevia also contains protein, fibers, carbohydrates, phosphorus, iron, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, rutin (flavonoid), zinc, vitamin C and vitamin A..."

Test for Cardiac Risk Factors

As A Treatment
"...Post-challenge insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Lp(a), iron levels, additional lipid fractions, homocysteine, fibrinogen and others can be done to provide a clearer picture of your risk..."

Test for Urine Kryptopyrroles

As A Treatment
"Elevated kryptopyrrole levels result from an abnormality in hemoglobin (the protein that holds iron in red blood cells)..."

Test Iron Stores (Ferritin)

As A Treatment
"Ferritin is a protein that stores iron..."

Thalassemia

The Condition
"...Often, physicians mistakenly diagnose people with mild alpha-thalassemia as having iron deficiency anemia..."

Thyroid Medications

As A Treatment
"...On a daily basis, whether you take the hormone on an empty stomach or with food is not important, but you should not take thyroid medications with iron pills, liquid antacids or some anti-cholesterol drugs because they will interfere with absorption..."

Transferrin Saturation Test

As A Treatment
"The transferrin saturation test is a sensitive and relatively inexpensive biochemical measure of iron overloading..."

Ulcerative Colitis

The Condition
"...Laboratory findings ... Normocytic anaemia (acute blood loss) or microcytic anaemia (iron deficiency due to chronic blood loss)..."

Vaginal Depletion Pack

As A Treatment
"...Source The Vaginal Depletion Pack or suppository usually consists of ... Iron subsulfate..."

Vitamin B12 Requirement

Recommendation Iron
"Extra iron may be needed in severe cases..."

Vitamin B3 Requirement

The Condition
"...The conversion of tryptophan to niacin requires the presence of other nutrients, such as thiamin, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), biotin, vitamin C and iron..."

Vitamin B-Complex Requirement

The Condition
"...Vitamin B12 is needed to prevent anemia; it aids folic acid in regulating the formation of red blood cells, and helps in the utilization of iron..."

Our Question about level of coffee consumption
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Recommendation Caffeine/Coffee Avoidance
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Vitamin C

Related Topic
"...Vitamin C is important for maintenance of bones, teeth, collagen and blood vessels (capillaries), enhances iron absorption and red blood cell formation, helps in the utilization of carbohydrates and synthesis of fats and proteins, aids in fighting bacterial infections, and interacts with other nutrients..."

Vitamin C Requirement

Our Question about level of coffee consumption
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Recommendation Caffeine/Coffee Avoidance
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Vitamin E Requirement

Our Question about iron supplementation
"Inorganic iron binds with vitamin E and inactivates it..."

Weight Loss

As A Treatment
"...There is a risk from this procedure for nutritional deficiencies including malabsorption of vitamin B12, leading to anemia and iron deficiency..."

Zeolites

As A Treatment
"...One of the key factors in successful therapy of cancer is removal of toxic metals (mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, aluminum, iron, uranium etc..."

Zinc

As A Treatment
"Zinc is an essential trace mineral that occurs in greater amounts than any other trace mineral except iron..."

Zinc Requirement

The Condition
"...Whilst some of these have a well-known, identifiable function familiar to us, such as calcium for bone strength and iron for healthy red blood cells, zinc has no single clear action but instead performs a number of important functions in the body..."

Our Question about level of coffee consumption
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Recommendation Caffeine/Coffee Avoidance
"Research has shown that drinking coffee causes a significant loss of several vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B and C, calcium, iron, and zinc..."

Zinc Toxicity

The Condition
"...Too much zinc will interfere with the metabolism of other minerals in the body, particularly iron and copper..."





Last updated: Feb 28, 2008


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