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Glossary: Free Radical
 


Definition
A free radical is an atom or group of atoms that has at least one unpaired electron. Because another element can easily pick up this free electron and cause a chemical reaction, these free radicals can effect dramatic and destructive changes in the body. Free radicals are activated in heated and rancid oils and by radiation in the atmosphere, among other things.

Also: Free Radicals

Topics Related To Free Radical
Alpha Lipoic AcidAs A Treatment
"...Lipoic acid fights free radical damage in both fatty and watery regions of cells and helps to recycle other antioxidants in what is described as "antioxidant synergism"..."

Alzheimer's Disease

The Condition
"...Increased free radical activity (oxidative stress) appears to fuel Alzheimer's pathology - acting simultaneously as a mediator, product, and trigger for this "clogging" process and its related neural damage..."

Aneurysm / Rupture

Recommendation Vitamin E
"...These data supply evidence of altered vitamin E metabolism and free radical processes in the tissues of patients with various manifestations of atherosclerosis..."

Antioxidant

Related Topic
"...Some antioxidants have been shown to have cancer-protecting potential because they neutralize free radicals..."

Antioxidant Requirement

The Condition
"...a variety of age-related conditions such as heart disease and cancer have been linked to oxidation processes within the body that take place due to an excess of reactive molecules, also known as "free radicals"..."

Relationship to Parkinson's Disease
"...an excess of free radicals in the body, can cause disease was first brought forward in 1983..."

Antioxidants

As A Treatment
"...Function; Reasons For Use At the molecular and cellular levels, antioxidants serve to deactivate certain particles called free radicals..."

Atherosclerosis

The Condition
"...social isolation, high degrees of negative attitudes (such as hostility and cynical distrust), excessive experience of negative emotions (such as depression, anger, and anxiety), and high ratio of free radical markers to antioxidants..."

Recommendation Hawthorn Berry Extract
"...Proanthocyanadins stabilize collagen to prevent cholesterol deposits on arterial walls, prevent free radical damage, reduce peripheral vascular resistance, angina, cholesterol, and increase coronary and myocardial perfusion; hawthorn has a historic use in congestive heart failure; dosage 3 to 5gm..."

Recommendation Selenium
"Considered to be from 200 to 500 times more potent an antioxidant than vitamin E, selenium and vitamin E are synergistic as antioxidants and inhibit or prevent the damage to tissues by free radicals which have been cited as causal factors in heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis and aging..."

Beta 1,3 Glucan

As A Treatment
"...Beta-1,3-glucan is a safe and potent nutritional supplement with a systemic effect that can be described as non-specific immune stimulation combined with its free radical scavenging activity..."

Bioflavonoids

As A Treatment
"...a vitamin, Hesperidin and other bioflavonoids are now known to have many beneficial effects such as improving the effectiveness of vitamin C, improving capillary fragility, antioxidant and free radical protection to name but a few..."

Cancer, General

Recommendation Coffee Enema
"...This enzyme is responsible for neutralizing free radicals, harmful chemicals now commonly implicated in the initiation of cancer and needed for detoxification..."

Carnosine

As A Treatment
"...As an antioxidant, carnosine potently quenches that most destructive of free radicals, the hydroxyl, as well as superoxide, singlet oxygen and the peroxyl radical..."

Cataracts

The Condition
"...During cataract formation the normal protective mechanisms are unable to prevent free radical damage..."

Centrophenoxine

As A Treatment
"...The anti-aging benefits of Centrophenoxine include protection against free radical damage, increased mental energy, improved memory, and prevention and treatment of stroke and brain injury..."

Chelation Therapy

As A Treatment
"...Abnormally-situated nutritional metals, which speed free radical damage, and toxic metals such as lead, are most easily removed by EDTA..."

Concern Over Wrinkled Skin

Relationship to Sun Damage/Overexposure
"...UVA rays induce the formation of free radicals, which attack the skin's lipids..."

Recommendation Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
"...The skin's natural defenses against the free radicals produced by UV light are vitamin C and vitamin E..."

Recommendation Vitamin E
"The skin's natural defenses against the free radicals produced by UV light are vitamin C and vitamin E..."

Coronary Disease / Heart Attack

Our Question about low-carbohydrate dieting
"...1s] Uric acid itself has been tied to cardiovascular disease risk in virtually every instance it's been studied over the last 50 years, and may be an independent risk factor by increasing free radical damage or making the blood more susceptible to clotting..."

Recommendation Selenium
"...Selenium and Vitamin E are synergistic as antioxidants and inhibit or prevent the damage to tissues by free radicals which have been cited as causal factors in heart disease..."

Recommendation Vitamin E
"...Free radical stress can be reduced with antioxidants such as vitamin E..."

Cysteine / N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC)

As A Treatment
"...Indications are that N-acetyl cysteine is anti-aging; anti-oxidant; a powerful aid in protecting the body from radiation; it deactivates free radicals; is vital for the formation of skin and cell recovery particularly after surgery or cellular damage from burns..."

Dental Metal Removal

As A Treatment
"...The bowel of a healthy person may not be prone to free radical damage, but the damaged bowel of the metal toxic patient is potentially an area for added concern and monitoring..."

DMAE Requirement

The Condition
"DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol) is an antioxidant and free radical deactivator which is found naturally in the human brain..."

DMSO Topically

As A Treatment
"...It is an antioxidant - a scavenger of the free radicals that gather at the site of injury..."

Eclampsia / Preeclampsia

Recommendation Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
"Several studies imply that harmful free radicals called lipid peroxides contribute to preeclampsia [Khan KS, Chien Pl..."

Excess Phytates in Diet

The Condition
"...Although phytates do bind with minerals, they may actually be preventing the formation of free radicals, thereby keeping the minerals at safe levels in the body..."

General Detoxification Requirement

The Condition
"...Treatment & Prevention Many of the antioxidant nutrients found in a healthful diet neutralize free radical molecules..."

Ginkgo Biloba

As A Treatment
"...The overall physiologic results of ginkgo use are increased perfusion to the brain and peripheral circulation, enhanced free radical scavenging, improved cerebral tolerance to hypoxia, and strengthened microvasculature..."

Glutathione

Related Topic
"...Glutathione is also involved in amino acid transport across cell membranes and is a powerful free radical scavenger and antioxidant that removes unwanted substances from the body..."

Gout / Hyperuricemia

The Condition
"...studies show that, in proper concentrations in the blood, it has antioxidant properties and helps protect the cells and tissues from irritation and damage caused by singlet oxygens and hydroxyl free radicals..."

Grape Seed Extract (Pycnogenol)

As A Treatment
"...The actions of PCOs include decreasing capillary permeability (vitamin "P"), inhibiting the breakdown of collagen, and free radical scavenging..."

Green Tea

As A Treatment
"...In a recent study researchers found that Green Tea compounds not only directly scavenge free radicals but also enhance the effectiveness of the body's natural antioxidant systems..."

Hemochromatosis (Iron overload)

The Condition
"...Therefore, unbound iron accumulates and generates free radicals, leading to cellular injury of the liver and other organs..."

Relationship to Stroke
"...High body iron stores may increase free radical production in brain cells, thus prompting stroke progression..."

Recommendation Manganese
"Manganese can protect against the free radical damage from excess iron..."

Hyperbaric Oxygen

As A Treatment
"...Leukocyte oxidative killing leads to increased oxygen free radicals, which in turn helps with necrotizing soft-tissueinfections and chronic osteomyelitis..."

Hyperthyroidism

Recommendation Selenium
"...Selenium supplementation may lower free radical activity, which contributes to inflammation..."

Iron

As A Treatment
"...Directions Unfortunately, too much iron can lead to oxidative stress (forming excessive free radicals) and adhesion of blood cells..."

Korsakoff's Psychosis

Related Topic
"...It stems from the effects of the acetaldehyde that builds up in the liver and spills over into the bloodstream, where it creates free radicals that cause damage throughout the body..."

L-Arginine

As A Treatment
"...Arginine is also is a free radical scavenger, not only internally but externally, thus causing an anti-aging effect on the skin and the internal organs..."

L-Glutathione

As A Treatment
"...It protects tissues by neutralizing free radicals, and improves the immune system by promoting antigen presentation and stimulating CD8 cells..."

Lipoic acid

Related Topic
"(Thioctic Acid) A sulfur-containing coenzyme used in the energy process which is also an extremely powerful antioxidant capable of trapping many different types of free radicals in the body..."

Liver Detoxification / Support Requirement

The Condition
"...flushing Fatty Infiltration reduction Alcohol avoidance Low fat diet High water-insoluble fiber consumption Carnitine supplementation (other lipotropics less effective) Protection from free radical damage Vitamins C, E, Zinc, Selenium, Lipoic acid..."

Liver Detoxification Profile

As A Treatment
"...assesses the body's capacity to carry out detoxification through functional challenges - caffeine, acetaminophen, and salicylate - which evaluate specific aspects of the detoxification process and free radical damage..."

Manganese

As A Treatment
"...An important antioxidant, manganese is one of the minerals required to form SOD (superoxide dismutase), one of the "bodyguard" enzymes that protects against unstable, cell-damaging free radicals..."

Menorrhagia (Heavy Periods)

Recommendation Vitamin E
"Free radicals may have a causative role in endometrial bleeding, particularly in the presence of an intrauterine device..."

Ozone / Oxidative Therapy

As A Treatment
"...They increase the efficiency of the anti-oxidant enzyme system, which scavenges excess free radicals in the body..."

Peroxides

Related Topic
"Free radicals that are by-products formed in our bodies when molecules of fat react with oxygen..."

Pineal

Related Topic
"...It is also a powerful antioxidant protecting the body from age-causing free radicals..."

Poor/Slow Wound Healing

Recommendation Superoxide Dismutase
"...They actually use free radicals to fight bacteria and to dispose of dead tissue..."

Recommendation Aloe Vera
"...It has been suggested that aloe works as a free radical scavenger and improves blood flow to the wound [Heggers et al..."

Pregnancy-Related Issues

Recommendation Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
"Several studies imply that harmful free radicals called lipid peroxides contribute to preeclampsia [Khan KS, Chien Pl..."

Recommendation Vitamin E
"Several studies imply that harmful free radicals called lipid peroxides contribute to pre-eclampsia [Khan KS, Chien Pl..."

Premature/Signs of Aging

Recommendation Selenium
"Considered to be from 200 to 500 times more potent an antioxidant than vitamin E, selenium and vitamin E are synergistic as antioxidants and inhibit or prevent the damage to tissues by free radicals which have been cited as causal factors in heart disease, atherosclerosis, arthritis and aging..."

ROS

Related Topic
"...Molecules including free radicals and other oxygen species..."

Selegiline

As A Treatment
"...The most popular was the blockade of oxidation and, therefore, free radical formation..."

Silymarin / Milk Thistle

As A Treatment
"...Studies since the 1930s, conducted mainly in Germany, researched that the silymarin found in the herb works to stabilize liver cell membranes and act as an antioxidant to protect liver cells from free radical damage..."

Sunlight Exposure

As A Treatment
"...First, while ultraviolet radiation generates free radicals that can do damage, dietary antioxidants and skin pigmentation are nature's way of fighting free radicals..."

Syndrome X

The Condition
"...Syndrome X also generates high levels of cell-damaging free radicals and causes premature aging, setting the stage for catastrophic health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other age-related diseases..."

Recommendation Vitamin E
"Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that protects against free radical damage caused by high glucose and insulin levels in the blood..."

Recommendation Selenium
"Selenium is a mineral that works alongside vitamin E as part of the antioxidant protection against free radical damage caused by high insulin levels..."

Recommendation Alpha Lipoic Acid
"...ALA also helps to prevent free radical cellular damage caused by elevated insulin levels..."

Tendency to Sunburn Easily

The Condition
"...Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, which triggers the formation of cell-damaging free radicals, is a primary culprit in premature aging of your skin..."

Recommendation Vitamin E
"Vitamins C and E (antioxidants) help reduce the damage due to free radicals produced through exposure to UV light..."

Recommendation Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
"Vitamins C and E, both anti-oxidants, help reduce the damage due to free radicals produced through exposure to UV light..."

Test Antioxidant Status

As A Treatment
"...At the molecular and cellular levels, antioxidants serve to deactivate free radicals, which usually come in the form of O2, the oxygen molecule..."

Thymic Factors

As A Treatment
"...Antioxidants like vitamins C and E, beta carotene and selenium help to protect the thymus from free radicals, unstable molecules that damage our cells..."

TMG (Tri-methyl-glycine)

As A Treatment
"...An extract from sugar beets, TMG is a natural polysaccharide and a good source of methyl groups that promotes healthier levels of the powerful pro-oxidant and free radical generator homocysteine..."

Vinegar

As A Treatment
"...The vitamin C and beta-carotene in cider vinegar destroy free radicals that weaken the immune system and increase the risk of various diseases..."

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

As A Treatment
"...Thiamine is an antioxidant nutrient that helps the body to inhibit the formation of the damaging free radicals..."

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

As A Treatment
"...Vitamin B2 is an antioxidant nutrient that helps the body inhibit the formation of damaging free radicals..."

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

As A Treatment
"...It is an antioxidant nutrient that helps the body inhibit the formation of damaging free radicals; it lowers blood levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and triglycerides..."

Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)

As A Treatment
"Vitamin B5 (also calcium pantothenate) is an antioxidant nutrient that helps the body inhibit the formation of damaging free radicals..."

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

As A Treatment
"...Vitamin B6 is an antioxidant nutrient that helps the body inhibit the formation of damaging free radicals..."

Vitamin B6 Requirement

The Condition
"...and plating materials and anti-tarnish agents used in metal manufacturing Tartrazine (yellow dye #5): From 1949-1970 nearly 1 million pounds per year were used in foods and medications Peroxides and free radicals found in abundance in our food supply as oxidized fats..."

Vitamin C Requirement

The Condition
"...Antioxidants help the body fight the effects of free radicals, which can damage the body's cells..."

Vitamin E

As A Treatment
"...Vitamin E works alongside other antioxidant nutrients including selenium, vitamin C, beta-carotene and others to quench free radicals, peroxides and other potentially harmful substances..."

Vitamin Paba

As A Treatment
"...PABA is an antioxidant nutrient that inhibits the formation of the damaging free radicals (unbonded oxygen molecules that cause aging and degeneration)..."

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

The Condition
"...It stems from the effects of the acetaldehyde that builds up in the liver and spills over into the bloodstream, where it creates free radicals that cause damage throughout the body..."





Last updated: Apr 07, 2008


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