"...Eventually the muscle undergoes hypertrophy and the esophagus becomes dilated adjacent to the constricted sphincter because of retention of food..."

"Hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart resulting from excessive pressure in the pulmonary artery..."

"...Myocarditis can contribute to dilation (enlargement due to weakness of the heart muscle) or hypertrophy (overgrowth of the muscle tissue)..."