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Glossary: Small Intestine
 


Definition
The small intestine lies between the stomach and the large intestine. It is about 6 meters (20 feet) long and its primary function is to digest (break down) food and absorb nutrients (vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats). The small intestine makes up more than 70% of the length and 90% of the surface area of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Also: Small Bowel

Topics Related To Small Intestine
AlfalfaAs A Treatment
"...Research suggests that it may inactivate dietary chemical carcinogens in the liver and small intestine before they have a chance to do the body any harm..."

Atrophic Gastritis

The Condition
"...Ingested bacteria can thus survive and reside in the stomach and the upper part of the small bowel..."

Bacterial Dysbiosis

The Condition
"...Fermentation / Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth (SBBO)..."

Recommendation Antibiotics
"...Where contamination of the small bowel by anaerobes is the problem, metronidazole or tetracyclines may be beneficial..."

Recommendation Probiotics
"...It has been found to be an effective adjunctive treatment for control of symptoms associated with small bowel dysbiosis in a number of patients..."

Bile

Related Topic
"...Bile is stored in the gallbladder and is released when fat enters the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) in order to aid digestion..."

Carcinoid Cancer

The Condition
"...The commonest sites of the primary tumour are the appendix (30%), small bowel (20%), colon (20%) and stomach less than 10%..."

Celiac Disease

Related Topic
"A digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrients from food..."

Chymotrypsin

Related Topic
"A digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine which breaks down polypeptides or proteins..."

Coffee Enema

As A Treatment
"...It is the liver and small bowel that neutralize the most common tissue toxins: polyamines, ammonia, toxic-bound nitrogen and electrophiles..."

Colon

Related Topic
"...The colon takes the contents of the small intestine, moving them to the rectum by contracting..."

Consequences of Gallbladder Surgery

The Condition
"...When you eat, the gallbladder contracts, empting its contents into the small intestine, where the bile mixes with the food..."

Crohn's Disease

The Condition
"...Crohn's Disease causes inflammation in the small intestine..."

Relationship to Small Intestine Cancer
"Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel is associated with Crohn disease, which usually occurs in the lower part of the small intestine (the ileum)..."

Recommendation Sugars Avoidance / Reduction
"...Yeast and bacteria can then overgrow in response to these newly available nutrients, increasing toxic by-products and mucus production, resulting in further injury to the small intestine and malabsorption..."

Recommendation against Glutamine
"Although glutamine is known to play a role in small intestine function, in Crohn's disease at least two studies have shown it to be mildly harmful..."

Dermatomyositis

The Condition
"...A diminution in peristaltic activity and dilation of the lower esophagus and small intestine may be present..."

Diarrhea

The Condition
"...Frequent, small-volume bowel movements typically are associated with diseases of the left colon or rectum, and watery large-volume diarrhea suggest disorders of the small bowel or proximal colon..."

Digestive Enzyme (Trial)

As A Treatment
"...Plant-derived enzymes operate effectively at a very wide pH range, digesting actively in the acidic environment of the stomach and the alkaline environment of the small intestine..."

Digestive Enzyme Need

The Condition
"...Usually secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine, digestive enzymes are those which help to breakdown the food we eat, continuing the digestive process which began in the stomach..."

Diverticular Disease

The Condition
"...Rarely, diverticula may also occur in the stomach or small intestine..."

Duodenum

Related Topic
"First portion of the small intestine between the pylorus and jejunum, connecting to the stomach..."

Dyspepsia / Poor Digestion

The Condition
"...Dumping Syndrome: Rapid gastric emptying caused by the lower end of the small intestine (jejunum) filling too quickly with undigested food from the stomach..."

Eczema

Relationship to Bacterial Dysbiosis
"...Evidence of small bowel dysbiosis and subtle malabsorption phenomena was found in the majority of cases..."

Enteric

Related Topic
"...Enteric-coated: A coating that prevents a tablet or capsule from being digested until it reaches the small intestine..."

Enteritis

The Condition
"Enteritis means inflammation of the intestinal tract, especially of the small intestine..."

Excess Sugar Consumption

The Condition
"...These wholesome foods break down slowly into small units of glucose that enter the bloodstream through the small intestine, where they are burned smoothly and gradually as the body requires the energy..."

Gallbladder Disease

The Condition
"...Then, except for a small amount that drains directly into the small intestine, bile flows into the gallbladder through the cystic duct..."

Gastric/Peptic/Duodenal Ulcers

Recommendation Glutamine
"...The amino acid glutamine works over time in doses as low as 500mg three times daily (for one month) to heal stomach and small intestine lesions..."

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

The Condition
"...such as different types of X-rays and/or endoscopy, depending on whether the doctor suspects that the bleeding is coming from the upper digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, and first segment of the small intestine) or lower digestive tract (lower small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus)..."

Our Question about black or tarry stools
"Black, tarry stools usually result from bleeding that occurs high up in the digestive tract - for example, in the stomach or first segment of the small intestine (duodenum); blood in the stomach turns black when exposed to stomach acid and enzymes..."

Giardiasis Infection

The Condition
"...The low pH in the stomach and pancreatic proteases found in the proximal small intestine promote rapid breakdown of the cysts' outer walls within minutes of reaching the duodenum..."

Recommendation Dairy Products Avoidance
"Studies have shown that giardia infection, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, can reduce the production of lactase in the small intestine, resulting in lactose malabsorption and its resultant diarrhea..."

Recommendation Probiotics
"...Orally-administered probiotics have great potential to affect the nilcroflora of the proximal small intestine as this area is sparsely populated when compared to the colon or distal small bowel..."

Recommendation Prebiotics
"...Prebiotics possess limited ability to alter the small bowel ecosystem and most likely have no effect in the proximal section of the small bowel where giardia resides..."

Recommendation Low/Decreased Fat Diet
"...Dietary fat is also the main stimulator for the release of bile acids into the intestinal lumen, which giardia trophozoites depend on for survival in the small bowel..."

Recommendation High/Increased Fiber Diet
"...When infected animals on the low-fiber diet were put on the high-fiber diet, trophozoites were cleared from the small bowel..."

Gluten Sensitivity / Celiac Disease

The Condition
"...Celiac disease is a digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrients from food..."

Relationship to Small Intestine Cancer
"Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine and lymphoma of the small intestine are both associated with celiac disease..."

Recommendation Gluten-free Diet
"...Improvements begin within days of starting the diet, and the small intestine is usually completely healed in 3 to 6 months..."

Recommendation Glutamine
"Glutamine is the preferred fuel of small intestine cells..."

Hookworm

Related Topic
"Hookworms average about 2/5 of an inch (10mm) in length and live in the small intestine of the host..."

Hookworm Infection

The Condition
"...Hookworms average about 10mm in length and live in the small intestine of the host..."

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

The Condition
"...The colon, which is about 6 feet long, connects the small intestine with the rectum and anus..."

Relationship to Bacterial Dysbiosis
"Some bacterial infections of the small bowel increase passive intestinal permeability..."

Ileocecal

Related Topic
"Pertaining to both the last section of the small intestine (the ileum) and the beginning of the large intestines, the ascending colon or cecum..."

Ileostomy

Related Topic
"...The surgeon makes an opening in the abdomen and attaches the bottom of the small intestine (ileum) to it..."

Ileum

Related Topic
"The lower two-thirds of the small intestine, ending in the ileocecal valve and emptying into the cecum of the colon..."

Increased Intestinal Permeability / Leaky Gut

The Condition
"...The junctions between cells not only need to be 'tight' but the surface area of the small intestine must be large for normal nutrient processing to occur..."

Intestinal Malabsorption Syndrome

The Condition
"...This condition is a state of impaired absorption of nutrients in the small intestine..."

Intestinal Obstruction

The Condition
"...Most of the 6-8 litres of fluid that enter the small bowel each day is absorbed through the microvilli in the small intestine..."

Intoxication Susceptibility

Recommendation Increased Calorie Consumption
"...When food and alcohol are consumed at the same time this prevents the alcohol from passing quickly into the small intestine from where it would be rapidly absorbed giving the enzyme more time to work..."

Intrinsic Factor

Related Topic
"...proteins secreted from the lining of the stomach whose sole purpose is (it seems) to cradle B12 and carry it through the digestive system until it reaches the absorption sites in the last foot of small intestine..."

Iron

As A Treatment
"...The absorption of iron takes place in the duodenum and upper jejunum (small intestine)..."

Jejunum

Related Topic
"The lower end of the small intestine..."

Lipase

As A Treatment
"...For Use Lipase is the enzyme required to break down fats and lipids (to give di- and mono-glycerides, glycerol and free fatty acids) and is produced in the pancreas before being released into the small intestine..."

Liver Detoxification / Support Requirement

Recommendation Coffee Enema
"The coffee enema causes the liver to produce more bile (which contains processed toxins) and moves bile out towards the small intestine for elimination..."

Magnesium Requirement

The Condition
"...Magnesium is absorbed toward the end of the small intestine..."

Our Question about removal of a portion of small bowel
"In evaluating magnesium levels in patients with small bowel resection, it was found that while serum magnesium was not abnormally low, but both urinary and muscle magnesium concentration decreased with increasing resection length..."

Ozone / Oxidative Therapy

As A Treatment
"...Farr believed that taking hydrogen peroxide orally could have a corrosive and tumorous effect on the stomach and small intestine and advised against using it..."

Pancreatitis

The Condition
"...The enzymes travel to the small intestine, where they break down protein, fats and other nutrients..."

Parasite Infection

Relationship to Bacterial Dysbiosis
"Small bowel parasites may predispose a person to bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine..."

Peyer's Patches

Related Topic
"Lymphoid follicles similar to lymph nodes or the tonsils, located especially in the lower small intestine..."

Pinworm Infection

The Condition
"...Causes & Development Pinworm eggs are swallowed and hatch in the small intestine..."

Poor Small Intestine Health

The Condition
"The small intestine is involved in the digestion, absorption and transport of food..."

Recommendation Slippery Elm
"Slippery elm tea is reported to be beneficial against inflammation of the small intestine..."

Recommendation Lactobacillus Acidophilus
"...It colonizes the walls of the small intestine, secretes substances that help maintain a balance of intestinal microflora (by creating a favorable environment for the growth of beneficial flora), and helps keep the intestinal wall..."

Rapid Stomach Emptying (Gastric Dumping)

The Condition
"...Rapid gastric emptying happens when the lower end of the small intestine (jejunum) fills too quickly with undigested food from the stomach..."

Raw Food Diet

As A Treatment
"...also suggest that perhaps other differences between our digestive systems and those of the great apes may also have been because of our adaptation to cooked foods - our smaller gut volume, longer small intestine, smaller colon, and faster gut passage rate..."

Roundworm Infection

The Condition
"...Adult worms can live in the small intestine for 6 months or longer..."

Small Intestine Cancer

The Condition
"A rare condition in which cancerous tumors develop in the small bowel..."

Steatorrhea

The Condition
"...The underlying condition causes of steatorrhea include ... Malabsorption of fats in small intestine..."

Related Topic
"...This may be the result of failing to inoculate fatty foods with enough surfactant (biliary soap) to digest them, the failure of the lower small intestine to absorb them, or simply too much fat for even normal digestion to handle..."

Our Question about undigested fat in stools
"...When secretions from the pancreas and liver are adequate, emulsified dietary fats are almost completely absorbed in the small intestine..."

Strongyloides stercoralis Infection

The Condition
"...Parasitic females anchor themselves with their mouths to the mucosa of the small intestine or burrow their anterior ends into the submucosa..."

Supplemental Fiber

As A Treatment
"...Fiber in food often is released more slowly into the small intestine, and while beneficial, works less effectively in removing large amounts of bile and its constituents..."

Tapeworm Infection

The Condition
"...The worms attach high up in the small intestine and grow downwards..."

Trichinosis

The Condition
"...They then pass into the small intestine where they develop into mature males and females in about 2 days..."

Villi

Related Topic
"The villi are small but significant structures of the mucosal layer of the small intestine..."

Vitamin B12 Requirement

The Condition
"...The secreted intrinsic factor then binds to B12 and this complex (IF-B12) travels to the end of the small intestine where it crosses the intestinal wall into the bloodstream..."

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

As A Treatment
"...Source Vitamin B2 is easily absorbed from the small intestine into the blood which transports it to the tissues..."

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

As A Treatment
"...A white crystalline substance that is soluble in both water and alcohol, niacin and niacinamide are both readily absorbed from the small intestine..."

Vitamin D Requirement

Our Question about removal of a portion of small bowel
"Vitamin D malabsorption reflects the extent of distal small bowel resection in Crohn's disease patients..."

Weakened Immune System

Relationship to Small Intestine Cancer
"Lymphoma of the small intestine is strongly associated with a weakened immune system such as occurs with AIDS..."

Weight Loss

As A Treatment
"...Combined restrictive and malabsorptive surgery is a combination of restrictive surgery as described above, along with bypass or malabsorptive surgery, in which the stomach is connected to the small intestine, bypassing the duodenum, which is the beginning portion of the small intestine..."

Whipworm Infection

The Condition
"...Once in the intestine, the eggs hatch into larvae, which grow and develop in the small intestine before moving to another part of the intestines - the cecum..."

Wilson's Disease

The Condition
"...The small intestine absorbs too much copper and the liver excretes too little of it, resulting in a copper buildup in the liver and brain..."





Last updated: Dec 06, 2007


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