Antigen

Definition of Antigen:

A substance, usually protein or protein-sugar complex in nature, which, being foreign to the bloodstream or tissues of an animal, stimulates the formation of specific blood serum antibodies and white blood cell activity.  Re-exposure to similar antigen will reactivate the white blood cells and antibody programmed against this specific antigen.

Also: Antigenic, Antigens

Topics Related to Antigen

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

...the condition
“...Other markers on the lymphoblasts that can be detected with immunophenotyping and may be useful to the physician include the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen, cALLa, now called CD 10...”

Allergy

...related topic
“Hypersensitivity caused by exposure to a particular antigen (allergen), resulting in an increased reactivity to that antigen on subsequent exposure, sometimes with harmful immunologic consequences.”
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More topics Related to Antigen

Andropause/Male Menopause

...recommendation DIM / I3C
“...Recent work shows that estradiol, the active form of estrogen, provokes increases in prostate specific antigen (PSA) production in human prostate tissue...”

Antibody

...related topic
“A type of serum protein (globulin) synthesized by white blood cells of the lymphoid type in response to an antigenic (foreign substance) stimulus...”

Asthma

...recommendation Bioflavonoids
“...It has been shown to inhibit histamine release from mast cells and basophils when stimulated by antigens (triggers)...”

Athletes Foot

...the condition
“...This trichophyde reaction, also known as tineas manuum, is an immune system response to fungal antigens (antibodies that fight the fungal infection)...”

Bacterial Dysbiosis

...the condition
“...Altered microbial ecology in the gut may produce disease and dysfunction because of the intense metabolic activity and the antigenic nature of bacterial flora...”

Colon Cancer

...the condition
“...Increased serum carcinoembryonic antigen – this test is used to monitor the adequacy of treatment and evidence of recurrence...”

Consequences of Vasectomy

...the condition
“...Antigens that are released in the process can infiltrate the bloodstream and cause the body to manufacture antibodies to defend itself against them, with possible cross-reactivity to other body...”

Dyspepsia / Poor Digestion

...the condition
“...Other tests include imaging (X-ray, CT scan or ultrasound) and testing for H. pylori infection by using a blood test, stool antigen test, urea breath test, or an upper GI biopsy...”

Eclampsia / Preeclampsia

...the condition
“...Preeclampsia may result from fetal antigens – elements of the fetus that trigger an immune response in the mother...”

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

...the condition
“...Effective laboratory diagnosis can be made on a single acute-phase serum sample by testing for antibodies to several EBV-associated antigens simultaneously...”

Glomerulonephritis

...the condition
“...What happens in cases of Glomerulonephritis?  In any infection, human body identifies the structure of microorganism as antigen.  Against the antigen, body produces antibodies (protective against infection)...”

Hapten

...related topic
“A small molecule that reacts with a specific antibody but cannot induce the formation of antibodies unless bound to a carrier protein or other large antigenic molecule.”

Hemolytic Anemia

...the condition
“...Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia includes any of a large group of anemias involving autoantibodies against red cell antigens.  Some are without a known cause, and others due to autoimmune diseases, hematologic neoplasms, viral infections, or immunodeficiency diseases...”

Hepatitis

...the condition
“...The following blood tests are available ... Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) A positive test means that you have hepatitis B virus in your blood and can pass the virus to others...”
...recommendation Phyllanthus
“...A two-stage clinical trial of Phyllanthus amarus in hepatitis B carriers: Failure to eradicate the surface antigen.  Indian J Gastroenterol 1994;13: pp.7-8 Leelarasamee A, Trakulsomboon S, Maunwongyathi P, et al...”

Herpes Simplex Type I

...the condition
“...Known available tests are: Cell Culture Test, Antigen test, Pap Smear...”

Herpes Simplex Type II

...the condition
“...Known available tests are: Cell Culture Test, Antigen test, Pap Smear...”

Histamine Therapy

...as a treatment
“...Allergies are caused by an immune response to a normally innocuous substance (e.g. pollen or dust) that comes in contact with lymphocytes specific for that substance (antigens).  In many cases, the lymphocyte triggered to respond is a mast cell...”

IgE

...related topic
“...IgE is not made to be specific against only one antigen, like other gamma globulins, but instead can bind with a number of dangerous proteins...”

Immune System Imbalance (TH2 Dominance)

...the condition
“...may have similar benefits), thyroid hormones, garlic (raw or aged extract), l-Glutathione (or products that raise levels), DHEA or AED (androstendiol), UV-A light, vitamin E, transfer factor (antigen specific) – protein immunomodulators extracted from colostrum, colostrum, low dose naltrexone, IP6, lentinian and certain other mushrooms, Thymus extracts, licorice root, dong quai, beta...”

Immunotherapy

...as a treatment
“...Injection immunotherapy uses mumps, candida or trichophytin antigen injections to treat warts (HPV induced tumors)...”
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More topics Related to Antigen

Increased Intestinal Permeability / Leaky Gut

...the condition
“...Normally the body sees only tiny food antigens and limited amounts of bacteria...”

L-Glutathione

...as a treatment
“...It protects tissues by neutralizing free radicals, and improves the immune system by promoting antigen presentation and stimulating CD8 cells...”

Low T-Helper (CD4) Cell Level

...the condition
“...They protect us against invading cells, or antigens.  These antigens cause T-cells to become active and produce antibodies...”

Lyme Disease

...the condition
“...The bacterium has changed its makeup (antigenic shift) limiting recognition by the patient's immune system...”

Lymphokines

...related topic
“Substances produced by the cells of the immune system when exposed to antigens.  These substances are not antibodies, but they play a vital role in the on-board defense system.”

Male-Specific Cancer Screening

...as a treatment
“...The American Cancer Society recommends yearly prostate exams comprising a prostate specific antigen (PSA) test and a digital rectal exam, beginning at age 50, to men who have at least a ten-year life expectancy...”

Need For Routine Preventative Health Measures

...the condition
“...For those who already have unresolved health issues, further testing may be required, such as prostate-specific antigen, complete blood count, thyroid, colon cancer, or H. pylori...”

Phyllanthus

...as a treatment
“...In one study, 59% of those infected with chronic viral hepatitis B lost one of the major blood markers of HBV infection (e.g. hepatitis B surface antigen) after using phyllanthus for 30 days...”

Poor Prostate Health

...the condition
“...VISIT THE DOCTOR: According to the American Cancer Society, men should have annual prostate screenings that include prostate specific antigen (PSA) tests starting at the age of 50...”

Prostate Cancer

...the condition
“...Testing a blood sample for the amount of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) plays an important part in the early detection of prostate cancer...”
...recommendation against Testosterone
“...It is recommended that physicians screen for prostate cancer with a digital rectal exam and PSA (prostate specific antigen) level prior to initiating therapy, and monitor hematocrit and PSA levels closely during therapy.”
...recommendation DIM / I3C
“...To determine whether men are at risk for prostate cancer, they are usually tested for levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a growth factor for prostate cancer...”

Rheumatoid Arthritis

...the condition
“...Dr. Hoekstra explains, "The organism remains intact except for losing its cell wall and its antigenic characteristics, enabling it to function as a cellular chameleon...”
...relationship to Bacterial Dysbiosis
“...In some cases bacterial antigens have been found in synovial cells and may enter the circulation because of the increased intestinal permeability associated with the intestinal infection...”

Selenium Requirement

...the condition
“...Lymphocytes from volunteers supplemented with selenium (as sodium selenite) at 200mcg per day showed an enhanced response to antigen stimulation and an increased ability to develop into cytotoxic lymphocytes and to destroy tumor cells...”

Susceptibility To Miscarriages

...the condition
“...Some of the messages involve the tissue type, also known as the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and the white blood cell (leukocyte) type...”

Test for Parasites

...as a treatment
“...Antigen tests are used to detect protein structures on parasites...”

Transfer Factor

...related topic
“Protein immunomodulators extracted from colostrum from immunologically stimulated animals that promotes specific immunity to certain antigens such as viruses.”

Vasculitis

...the condition
“...Immune complexes are formed when antigens bind to antibodies...”
...relationship to Lupus, SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
“In the vasculitis caused by lupus, the antigens causing the immune complexes are often not known...”

Zeolites

...as a treatment
“...in the digestive tract, making acid reflux less troublesome; Improving nutrient absorption; Trapping allergens in the blood and digestive tract, thus decreasing symptoms from inhaled and swallowed antigens; Possibly stopping diarrhea through its absorptive action in the intestines; Patients with migraine headaches frequently are aware that certain foods will trigger headache attacks, for...”
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